The study examines population-level mortality trends from lung cancer subtypes, non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. It finds that mortality from NSCLC has declined more rapidly than its incidence, largely due to improvements in survival linked to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Survival rates for NSCLC increased significantly, from 26% in 2001 to 35% in 2014, across all races and ethnic groups. In contrast, mortality from SCLC decreased mainly due to declining incidence, with no improvement in survival, reflecting limited treatment advances. The study highlights that treatment advancements, particularly for NSCLC, have contributed to the decline in mortality. The use of incidence-based mortality methods allows for more accurate assessment of population-level trends, as death certificates do not record cancer subtypes. The study also notes that while lung cancer screening has been recommended since 2014, uptake was low. Overall, mortality from lung cancer has decreased, with NSCLC showing more significant improvements in survival. The findings suggest that treatment advancements, especially targeted therapies, have played a key role in reducing mortality from NSCLC. The study underscores the importance of continued monitoring of lung cancer incidence and mortality trends, particularly as new treatments and screening methods become more widely available.The study examines population-level mortality trends from lung cancer subtypes, non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. It finds that mortality from NSCLC has declined more rapidly than its incidence, largely due to improvements in survival linked to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Survival rates for NSCLC increased significantly, from 26% in 2001 to 35% in 2014, across all races and ethnic groups. In contrast, mortality from SCLC decreased mainly due to declining incidence, with no improvement in survival, reflecting limited treatment advances. The study highlights that treatment advancements, particularly for NSCLC, have contributed to the decline in mortality. The use of incidence-based mortality methods allows for more accurate assessment of population-level trends, as death certificates do not record cancer subtypes. The study also notes that while lung cancer screening has been recommended since 2014, uptake was low. Overall, mortality from lung cancer has decreased, with NSCLC showing more significant improvements in survival. The findings suggest that treatment advancements, especially targeted therapies, have played a key role in reducing mortality from NSCLC. The study underscores the importance of continued monitoring of lung cancer incidence and mortality trends, particularly as new treatments and screening methods become more widely available.