This systematic review examines the association between physical activity, neuroplasticity, and cognition. The study analyzed 9,935 articles from three scientific platforms (PubMed, Scopus, and the Virtual Health Library), refining the dataset to include 17 articles that assessed the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity. The results suggest that aerobic exercise, particularly at high intensities, can influence cortical excitability and cognitive improvement, leading to direct cortical and structural changes. Exercise has been shown to be effective across various age groups and in individuals with and without brain diseases. The review highlights the significant impact of exercise on brain health, including increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), improved cortical excitability, and structural modifications in the brain. These effects contribute to enhanced cognitive performance, memory, and executive functioning, making regular physical activity a proactive approach to promoting brain health and cognitive well-being.This systematic review examines the association between physical activity, neuroplasticity, and cognition. The study analyzed 9,935 articles from three scientific platforms (PubMed, Scopus, and the Virtual Health Library), refining the dataset to include 17 articles that assessed the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity. The results suggest that aerobic exercise, particularly at high intensities, can influence cortical excitability and cognitive improvement, leading to direct cortical and structural changes. Exercise has been shown to be effective across various age groups and in individuals with and without brain diseases. The review highlights the significant impact of exercise on brain health, including increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), improved cortical excitability, and structural modifications in the brain. These effects contribute to enhanced cognitive performance, memory, and executive functioning, making regular physical activity a proactive approach to promoting brain health and cognitive well-being.