This study investigates the relationship between sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and nutritional knowledge and nutrition literacy among 1600 participants aged 19–64 years in Ankara, Turkey. The study used a cross-sectional design and evaluated demographic information, anthropometric measurements, nutritional information, and nutrition literacy. Key findings include: - **Demographics**: The average age was 28.2 ± 10.9 years, with 57.4% having a university graduate/postgraduate education level and 66.2% being unemployed. - **Nutritional Knowledge**: The General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) scores were higher among females, singles, and those with higher education levels. Participants who did not skip main meals and those with a healthy BMI range scored higher. - **Nutrition Literacy**: The Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA) scores were higher among females, singles, and those with higher education levels. Participants with a healthy BMI range and those who received nutrition education at school had higher scores. - **Correlations**: Age and BMI were negatively associated with nutrition literacy, while nutrition knowledge was positively associated. Nutrition education was significantly associated with both nutrition knowledge and nutrition literacy. - **Conclusion**: The study highlights the importance of nutrition literacy in influencing nutritional behavior and health outcomes. It suggests that interventions focusing on increasing nutrition literacy, particularly through education, can improve dietary habits and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The study's strengths include its large sample size and use of validated scales, but its limitations include the limited generalizability due to the sample being from Ankara, Turkey. Further research is needed to validate these findings in different contexts.This study investigates the relationship between sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and nutritional knowledge and nutrition literacy among 1600 participants aged 19–64 years in Ankara, Turkey. The study used a cross-sectional design and evaluated demographic information, anthropometric measurements, nutritional information, and nutrition literacy. Key findings include: - **Demographics**: The average age was 28.2 ± 10.9 years, with 57.4% having a university graduate/postgraduate education level and 66.2% being unemployed. - **Nutritional Knowledge**: The General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) scores were higher among females, singles, and those with higher education levels. Participants who did not skip main meals and those with a healthy BMI range scored higher. - **Nutrition Literacy**: The Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA) scores were higher among females, singles, and those with higher education levels. Participants with a healthy BMI range and those who received nutrition education at school had higher scores. - **Correlations**: Age and BMI were negatively associated with nutrition literacy, while nutrition knowledge was positively associated. Nutrition education was significantly associated with both nutrition knowledge and nutrition literacy. - **Conclusion**: The study highlights the importance of nutrition literacy in influencing nutritional behavior and health outcomes. It suggests that interventions focusing on increasing nutrition literacy, particularly through education, can improve dietary habits and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The study's strengths include its large sample size and use of validated scales, but its limitations include the limited generalizability due to the sample being from Ankara, Turkey. Further research is needed to validate these findings in different contexts.