This paper evaluates the impact of infrastructure development on economic growth and income distribution using a large panel dataset covering over 100 countries from 1960 to 2000. The study employs a variety of GMM estimators to account for the potential endogeneity of infrastructure and other regressors, and uses both disaggregated and synthetic measures of infrastructure quantity and quality. The main findings are that (i) growth is positively affected by the stock of infrastructure assets, and (ii) income inequality declines with higher infrastructure quantity and quality. These results suggest that infrastructure development can be highly effective in combating poverty, with illustrative simulations showing significant economic impacts for Latin American countries. The paper also discusses the role of infrastructure in trade liberalization, inequality reduction, and the impact of private sector participation in infrastructure.This paper evaluates the impact of infrastructure development on economic growth and income distribution using a large panel dataset covering over 100 countries from 1960 to 2000. The study employs a variety of GMM estimators to account for the potential endogeneity of infrastructure and other regressors, and uses both disaggregated and synthetic measures of infrastructure quantity and quality. The main findings are that (i) growth is positively affected by the stock of infrastructure assets, and (ii) income inequality declines with higher infrastructure quantity and quality. These results suggest that infrastructure development can be highly effective in combating poverty, with illustrative simulations showing significant economic impacts for Latin American countries. The paper also discusses the role of infrastructure in trade liberalization, inequality reduction, and the impact of private sector participation in infrastructure.