The Efficacy of Stem Cells in Wound Healing: A Systematic Review

The Efficacy of Stem Cells in Wound Healing: A Systematic Review

5 March 2024 | Banu Farabi, Katie Roster, Rahim Hirani, Katharine Tepper, Mehmet Fatih Atak, Bijan Safai
This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of stem cells in wound healing, focusing on chronic wounds. Stem cells, including adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and others, have shown promise in enhancing wound healing through tissue regeneration, paracrine signaling, and growth factor release. AD-MSCs are particularly effective due to their abundance, ease of isolation, and pro-angiogenic properties. They have been successfully used in various conditions, including diabetic wounds, venous ulcers, and post-Mohs surgery defects. Delivery methods include topical application, scaffold incorporation, and combination with plasma-rich proteins. Stem cell therapy has been shown to reduce pain, shorten healing times, and improve cosmesis. BM-MSCs also demonstrate efficacy in chronic leg ulcers, with significant reductions in wound size and increased vascularity. Other stem cell sources, such as hair follicle-derived cells, peripheral blood-derived cells, and placenta-derived cells, have also shown potential in wound healing. However, challenges remain, including the need for further research on long-term safety and efficacy. This review highlights the potential of stem cell therapies in improving wound healing outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of stem cells in wound healing, focusing on chronic wounds. Stem cells, including adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and others, have shown promise in enhancing wound healing through tissue regeneration, paracrine signaling, and growth factor release. AD-MSCs are particularly effective due to their abundance, ease of isolation, and pro-angiogenic properties. They have been successfully used in various conditions, including diabetic wounds, venous ulcers, and post-Mohs surgery defects. Delivery methods include topical application, scaffold incorporation, and combination with plasma-rich proteins. Stem cell therapy has been shown to reduce pain, shorten healing times, and improve cosmesis. BM-MSCs also demonstrate efficacy in chronic leg ulcers, with significant reductions in wound size and increased vascularity. Other stem cell sources, such as hair follicle-derived cells, peripheral blood-derived cells, and placenta-derived cells, have also shown potential in wound healing. However, challenges remain, including the need for further research on long-term safety and efficacy. This review highlights the potential of stem cell therapies in improving wound healing outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
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