The chapter "The Embodiment of Inequity" by Naomi Adelson, PhD, explores the health disparities faced by Aboriginal Canadians, particularly First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. It highlights that these disparities are not just a result of individual factors but are deeply rooted in social, economic, cultural, and political inequities. The literature reviewed in this synthesis document consistently links health disparities to broader societal issues, such as infrastructure, housing, employment, income, environment, and education. These inequities have led to a disproportionate burden of ill health and social suffering among Aboriginal populations. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between individual health and the broader social and historical contexts. It discusses the historical context of colonialism, including the creation of reserves, forced relocation, and the creation of racist attitudes towards Aboriginal peoples. These factors have contributed to the ongoing health disparities and social issues faced by Aboriginal communities. The chapter also addresses the challenges in addressing these disparities, such as the limited autonomy Aboriginal peoples have in determining their health needs and the lack of cultural sensitivity in mainstream healthcare systems. It highlights the need for a holistic approach that integrates traditional and biomedical perspectives to effectively address the complex issues affecting Aboriginal health. Demographic data and statistical profiles are provided to illustrate the extent of health disparities, including life expectancy, education, employment, and income. The chapter notes that while there have been some improvements, such as increased educational attainment and participation in the labor force, these are still significantly lower than those of non-Aboriginal Canadians. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for continued efforts to address the root causes of inequities and to promote equity in Aboriginal health and well-being.The chapter "The Embodiment of Inequity" by Naomi Adelson, PhD, explores the health disparities faced by Aboriginal Canadians, particularly First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. It highlights that these disparities are not just a result of individual factors but are deeply rooted in social, economic, cultural, and political inequities. The literature reviewed in this synthesis document consistently links health disparities to broader societal issues, such as infrastructure, housing, employment, income, environment, and education. These inequities have led to a disproportionate burden of ill health and social suffering among Aboriginal populations. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between individual health and the broader social and historical contexts. It discusses the historical context of colonialism, including the creation of reserves, forced relocation, and the creation of racist attitudes towards Aboriginal peoples. These factors have contributed to the ongoing health disparities and social issues faced by Aboriginal communities. The chapter also addresses the challenges in addressing these disparities, such as the limited autonomy Aboriginal peoples have in determining their health needs and the lack of cultural sensitivity in mainstream healthcare systems. It highlights the need for a holistic approach that integrates traditional and biomedical perspectives to effectively address the complex issues affecting Aboriginal health. Demographic data and statistical profiles are provided to illustrate the extent of health disparities, including life expectancy, education, employment, and income. The chapter notes that while there have been some improvements, such as increased educational attainment and participation in the labor force, these are still significantly lower than those of non-Aboriginal Canadians. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for continued efforts to address the root causes of inequities and to promote equity in Aboriginal health and well-being.