The supporting information section of the article "The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Curcumin" by Kathryn M. Nelson et al. provides detailed supplementary tables and examples of curcumin's bioactivity and potential toxic side effects. Supplemental Table 1 lists prototypical assays reporting curcumin bioactivity, while Supplemental Table 2 reports the half-lives of curcumin under various conditions. Supplemental Table 3 details reported activities of curcumin that could lead to toxic side effects, including IC50 values for various assays. The section also includes examples of covalent modifications of proteins by curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to modify the cysteine residues in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also alkylates the cysteine residues in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), and covalently modifies ErbB2 (Her2/neu), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase, initiating its ubiquitination and depletion. These modifications highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of curcumin's interactions with biological systems.The supporting information section of the article "The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Curcumin" by Kathryn M. Nelson et al. provides detailed supplementary tables and examples of curcumin's bioactivity and potential toxic side effects. Supplemental Table 1 lists prototypical assays reporting curcumin bioactivity, while Supplemental Table 2 reports the half-lives of curcumin under various conditions. Supplemental Table 3 details reported activities of curcumin that could lead to toxic side effects, including IC50 values for various assays. The section also includes examples of covalent modifications of proteins by curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to modify the cysteine residues in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also alkylates the cysteine residues in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), and covalently modifies ErbB2 (Her2/neu), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase, initiating its ubiquitination and depletion. These modifications highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of curcumin's interactions with biological systems.