Ransomware has evolved into one of the most dangerous cyber threats, using encryption to lock data and demanding payment for decryption. This article traces the history and development of ransomware, highlighting its progression from early forms like the AIDS Trojan in 1989 to modern sophisticated variants. Key developments include the rise of RaaS (Ransomware-as-a-Service), which allows even inexperienced hackers to launch attacks, and the adoption of double extortion tactics, where attackers steal data and threaten to release it. The use of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin has further enabled anonymity in ransom payments, increasing the threat's impact. Ransomware now targets critical infrastructure, healthcare, and government systems, with attacks becoming more targeted and complex. Mitigation strategies include proactive cyber hygiene, advanced endpoint protection, network security, regular data backups, user training, and incident response planning. Organizations must implement robust defenses, including strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, and secure remote access. Legal and regulatory compliance, along with collaboration with law enforcement and cyber insurance, are also crucial. The article emphasizes the need for continuous improvement in security measures to counter the evolving threat of ransomware.Ransomware has evolved into one of the most dangerous cyber threats, using encryption to lock data and demanding payment for decryption. This article traces the history and development of ransomware, highlighting its progression from early forms like the AIDS Trojan in 1989 to modern sophisticated variants. Key developments include the rise of RaaS (Ransomware-as-a-Service), which allows even inexperienced hackers to launch attacks, and the adoption of double extortion tactics, where attackers steal data and threaten to release it. The use of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin has further enabled anonymity in ransom payments, increasing the threat's impact. Ransomware now targets critical infrastructure, healthcare, and government systems, with attacks becoming more targeted and complex. Mitigation strategies include proactive cyber hygiene, advanced endpoint protection, network security, regular data backups, user training, and incident response planning. Organizations must implement robust defenses, including strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, and secure remote access. Legal and regulatory compliance, along with collaboration with law enforcement and cyber insurance, are also crucial. The article emphasizes the need for continuous improvement in security measures to counter the evolving threat of ransomware.