The article discusses the fragmentation of global governance architectures, focusing on the concept of "governance architecture" as the system of institutions, norms, and principles that operate in a particular issue area. It argues that fragmentation is a common feature of global governance, and that different types and degrees of fragmentation exist. The article proposes a typology of fragmentation, including synergistic, cooperative, and conflictive fragmentation, and illustrates these concepts in the context of global climate governance. It also discusses the consequences of fragmentation, including its impact on governance performance, the level of ambition, participation, equity, and the potential for conflict. The article concludes that while fragmentation can have both positive and negative effects, it is generally more harmful than beneficial, and that efforts should be made to reduce conflictive fragmentation and address the negative effects of cooperative fragmentation. The article also highlights the importance of coordination between different global governance institutions, particularly in the area of climate governance, to minimize fragmentation and promote effective global cooperation.The article discusses the fragmentation of global governance architectures, focusing on the concept of "governance architecture" as the system of institutions, norms, and principles that operate in a particular issue area. It argues that fragmentation is a common feature of global governance, and that different types and degrees of fragmentation exist. The article proposes a typology of fragmentation, including synergistic, cooperative, and conflictive fragmentation, and illustrates these concepts in the context of global climate governance. It also discusses the consequences of fragmentation, including its impact on governance performance, the level of ambition, participation, equity, and the potential for conflict. The article concludes that while fragmentation can have both positive and negative effects, it is generally more harmful than beneficial, and that efforts should be made to reduce conflictive fragmentation and address the negative effects of cooperative fragmentation. The article also highlights the importance of coordination between different global governance institutions, particularly in the area of climate governance, to minimize fragmentation and promote effective global cooperation.