This study examines the relationship between vitamin D status and adiposity, including subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, in a large, community-based sample of 3,890 non-diabetic individuals. The study found that lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were inversely associated with subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, even in lean individuals. After adjusting for adiposity measures, the association between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance measures became nonsignificant. Higher adiposity volumes were correlated with lower 25(OH)D levels across different BMI categories, including in lean individuals. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was threefold higher in those with high SAT and high VAT compared to those with low SAT and low VAT. The study also found that 25(OH)D levels were inversely related to SAT and VAT, with a stronger association with VAT. The association of 25(OH)D with insulin resistance measures was attenuated after adjustment for VAT. The study used multidetector computed tomography (CT) to measure SAT and VAT volumes, which allowed for a detailed, volumetric quantification of these fat compartments. The results suggest that visceral adiposity is more strongly associated with vitamin D status than subcutaneous adiposity. The study highlights the importance of adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat, in determining vitamin D status. The mechanisms by which adiposity promotes vitamin D deficiency warrant further study. The findings suggest that vitamin D status is strongly associated with variation in subcutaneous and especially visceral adiposity. The study underscores the need for further research to understand the complex relationship between vitamin D and adiposity.This study examines the relationship between vitamin D status and adiposity, including subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, in a large, community-based sample of 3,890 non-diabetic individuals. The study found that lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were inversely associated with subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, even in lean individuals. After adjusting for adiposity measures, the association between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance measures became nonsignificant. Higher adiposity volumes were correlated with lower 25(OH)D levels across different BMI categories, including in lean individuals. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was threefold higher in those with high SAT and high VAT compared to those with low SAT and low VAT. The study also found that 25(OH)D levels were inversely related to SAT and VAT, with a stronger association with VAT. The association of 25(OH)D with insulin resistance measures was attenuated after adjustment for VAT. The study used multidetector computed tomography (CT) to measure SAT and VAT volumes, which allowed for a detailed, volumetric quantification of these fat compartments. The results suggest that visceral adiposity is more strongly associated with vitamin D status than subcutaneous adiposity. The study highlights the importance of adipose tissue, particularly visceral fat, in determining vitamin D status. The mechanisms by which adiposity promotes vitamin D deficiency warrant further study. The findings suggest that vitamin D status is strongly associated with variation in subcutaneous and especially visceral adiposity. The study underscores the need for further research to understand the complex relationship between vitamin D and adiposity.