THE FUTURE OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS

THE FUTURE OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS

1980 | S.L. Glashow
The chapter discusses the future of elementary particle physics, highlighting the development of a comprehensive theory of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The author, S.L. Glashow, emphasizes that Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is a true theory of strong interactions, similar to Newton's or Maxwell's theories. This theory, which involves quarks as fundamental matter fields and gluons as force fields, is complete and predictive. Modern accelerators like CESR, PEP, PETRA, ISABELLE, pp colliders, LEP, the Tevatron, and e+e- machines are being built to test these theories and study the properties of b-matter, weak intermediaries, and potentially the t-quark and the Higgs boson. The chapter also introduces the concept of a local symmetry group, denoted as \(\mathrm{H}_{1} = \mathrm{SU}(3) \times \mathrm{SU}(2) \times \mathrm{U}(1)\), which is used to describe strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs through Higgs bosons, resulting in a subgroup \(\mathrm{H}_{0} = \mathrm{SU}(3) \times \mathrm{U}(1)\). The author notes that these assignments are tentative and may be subject to further refinement. The chapter concludes by discussing the twelve gauge bosons of \(\mathrm{H}_{1}\), including eight gluons, three weak intermediaries, and the photon. The weak intermediaries acquire mass through Higgs mesons, and the successful prediction of the Weinberg angle \(\cos \theta = \mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{W}} / \mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{Z}}\) supports this theory. The system is described by five parameters: three gauge coupling constants and the quartic and quadratic Higgs self-couplings.The chapter discusses the future of elementary particle physics, highlighting the development of a comprehensive theory of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The author, S.L. Glashow, emphasizes that Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is a true theory of strong interactions, similar to Newton's or Maxwell's theories. This theory, which involves quarks as fundamental matter fields and gluons as force fields, is complete and predictive. Modern accelerators like CESR, PEP, PETRA, ISABELLE, pp colliders, LEP, the Tevatron, and e+e- machines are being built to test these theories and study the properties of b-matter, weak intermediaries, and potentially the t-quark and the Higgs boson. The chapter also introduces the concept of a local symmetry group, denoted as \(\mathrm{H}_{1} = \mathrm{SU}(3) \times \mathrm{SU}(2) \times \mathrm{U}(1)\), which is used to describe strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs through Higgs bosons, resulting in a subgroup \(\mathrm{H}_{0} = \mathrm{SU}(3) \times \mathrm{U}(1)\). The author notes that these assignments are tentative and may be subject to further refinement. The chapter concludes by discussing the twelve gauge bosons of \(\mathrm{H}_{1}\), including eight gluons, three weak intermediaries, and the photon. The weak intermediaries acquire mass through Higgs mesons, and the successful prediction of the Weinberg angle \(\cos \theta = \mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{W}} / \mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{Z}}\) supports this theory. The system is described by five parameters: three gauge coupling constants and the quartic and quadratic Higgs self-couplings.
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