The petroglyph of Los Aulagares, located in Zalamea la Real, Huelva, Spain, is analyzed as a symbolic representation of religious response to the climatic event 4.2 ka cal. BP. The petroglyph is interpreted as a result of several prayers for rain, depicting a solar deity and the drops of desired water. It is dated to the end of the third millennium BC, coinciding with the rapid climatic change known as the 4.2 ka cal. BP event, which increased aridity in southern Iberia. Paleoenvironmental data from Andalusia and La Mancha, along with stylistic analysis of the engravings, support the interpretation of the petroglyph as a religious response to prolonged drought. The petroglyph reflects the cultural and environmental changes of the late Chalcolithic period, marking the transition to the Bronze Age. The event 4.2 ka cal. BP, a significant climatic shift, led to the collapse of the Chalcolithic world and the emergence of new cultural patterns. The petroglyph's creation is linked to this period, symbolizing the community's efforts to seek rain and survival in the face of environmental challenges. The analysis highlights the interplay between climate change and cultural adaptation, emphasizing the role of religion in addressing environmental crises. The petroglyph serves as a testament to the spiritual and practical responses of prehistoric societies to the challenges posed by climatic shifts.The petroglyph of Los Aulagares, located in Zalamea la Real, Huelva, Spain, is analyzed as a symbolic representation of religious response to the climatic event 4.2 ka cal. BP. The petroglyph is interpreted as a result of several prayers for rain, depicting a solar deity and the drops of desired water. It is dated to the end of the third millennium BC, coinciding with the rapid climatic change known as the 4.2 ka cal. BP event, which increased aridity in southern Iberia. Paleoenvironmental data from Andalusia and La Mancha, along with stylistic analysis of the engravings, support the interpretation of the petroglyph as a religious response to prolonged drought. The petroglyph reflects the cultural and environmental changes of the late Chalcolithic period, marking the transition to the Bronze Age. The event 4.2 ka cal. BP, a significant climatic shift, led to the collapse of the Chalcolithic world and the emergence of new cultural patterns. The petroglyph's creation is linked to this period, symbolizing the community's efforts to seek rain and survival in the face of environmental challenges. The analysis highlights the interplay between climate change and cultural adaptation, emphasizing the role of religion in addressing environmental crises. The petroglyph serves as a testament to the spiritual and practical responses of prehistoric societies to the challenges posed by climatic shifts.