The chapter discusses the debate surrounding the effectiveness of psychotherapy, particularly in the context of changes in financing policies and differing perspectives on its mechanisms. The author, G.P.J. Keijsers, highlights the importance of understanding both specific therapeutic techniques and common factors that contribute to treatment outcomes. He critiques the "great psychotherapy debate" by Bruce Wampold, arguing that while common factors like the therapeutic alliance are crucial, specific techniques also play a significant role. Keijsers emphasizes the need for a more nuanced understanding of psychotherapy, combining empirical evidence with theoretical insights from social influence and resistance to change. He advocates for a theoretical framework that integrates these elements to better explain the effectiveness of psychotherapy and improve its delivery in various settings, including shorter treatments and e-health. The chapter concludes with a call for further research on common factors and a recognition of the active role patients play in their treatment.The chapter discusses the debate surrounding the effectiveness of psychotherapy, particularly in the context of changes in financing policies and differing perspectives on its mechanisms. The author, G.P.J. Keijsers, highlights the importance of understanding both specific therapeutic techniques and common factors that contribute to treatment outcomes. He critiques the "great psychotherapy debate" by Bruce Wampold, arguing that while common factors like the therapeutic alliance are crucial, specific techniques also play a significant role. Keijsers emphasizes the need for a more nuanced understanding of psychotherapy, combining empirical evidence with theoretical insights from social influence and resistance to change. He advocates for a theoretical framework that integrates these elements to better explain the effectiveness of psychotherapy and improve its delivery in various settings, including shorter treatments and e-health. The chapter concludes with a call for further research on common factors and a recognition of the active role patients play in their treatment.