The health of vineyard soils is crucial for sustainable viticulture. Soil health refers to the ability of soils to support plant growth, maintain environmental quality, and promote ecological functions. Viticulture, which relies on soil for wine production, has traditionally used practices that degrade soil, threatening its sustainability. Conventional methods reduce soil porosity, aeration, and organic matter, while increasing toxicity to soil organisms, thereby harming soil health. Soil degradation jeopardizes the terroir, the unique qualities of wine derived from the soil. However, sustainable viticulture practices can enhance soil health by improving organic matter and biological communities, which support soil functions and vine growth. Soil health is closely linked to soil quality and fertility. Soil quality involves the soil's ability to support plant growth and maintain environmental functions, while soil fertility focuses on nutrient availability for plants. Soil biological fertility, which is often overlooked, is essential for soil health as it supports nutrient cycling and microbial activity. Soil organisms play a key role in decomposing organic matter, transforming nutrients, and maintaining soil structure. However, conventional viticultural practices, such as frequent tillage and pesticide use, reduce soil biodiversity and impair soil health. Conservation agriculture practices, such as cover cropping, organic fertilization, and reduced tillage, can enhance soil health by increasing organic matter and microbial diversity. These practices improve soil structure, water infiltration, and aeration, which are vital for vine growth. Mycorrhizal fungi also play a significant role in enhancing soil health by improving nutrient uptake and soil structure. However, tillage can disrupt mycorrhizal networks, reducing their benefits. Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key component of soil health, influencing physical, chemical, and biological properties. SOM improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. However, viticultural practices often lead to SOM depletion, particularly in sloping vineyards. Sustainable practices, such as organic mulching, compost application, and cover cropping, can increase SOM levels and improve soil health. These practices not only enhance vineyard productivity but also contribute to environmental sustainability. In conclusion, sustainable viticulture requires the adoption of practices that enhance soil health, including improving organic matter, promoting microbial activity, and reducing soil degradation. These practices are essential for maintaining the long-term productivity and environmental sustainability of vineyards.The health of vineyard soils is crucial for sustainable viticulture. Soil health refers to the ability of soils to support plant growth, maintain environmental quality, and promote ecological functions. Viticulture, which relies on soil for wine production, has traditionally used practices that degrade soil, threatening its sustainability. Conventional methods reduce soil porosity, aeration, and organic matter, while increasing toxicity to soil organisms, thereby harming soil health. Soil degradation jeopardizes the terroir, the unique qualities of wine derived from the soil. However, sustainable viticulture practices can enhance soil health by improving organic matter and biological communities, which support soil functions and vine growth. Soil health is closely linked to soil quality and fertility. Soil quality involves the soil's ability to support plant growth and maintain environmental functions, while soil fertility focuses on nutrient availability for plants. Soil biological fertility, which is often overlooked, is essential for soil health as it supports nutrient cycling and microbial activity. Soil organisms play a key role in decomposing organic matter, transforming nutrients, and maintaining soil structure. However, conventional viticultural practices, such as frequent tillage and pesticide use, reduce soil biodiversity and impair soil health. Conservation agriculture practices, such as cover cropping, organic fertilization, and reduced tillage, can enhance soil health by increasing organic matter and microbial diversity. These practices improve soil structure, water infiltration, and aeration, which are vital for vine growth. Mycorrhizal fungi also play a significant role in enhancing soil health by improving nutrient uptake and soil structure. However, tillage can disrupt mycorrhizal networks, reducing their benefits. Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key component of soil health, influencing physical, chemical, and biological properties. SOM improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. However, viticultural practices often lead to SOM depletion, particularly in sloping vineyards. Sustainable practices, such as organic mulching, compost application, and cover cropping, can increase SOM levels and improve soil health. These practices not only enhance vineyard productivity but also contribute to environmental sustainability. In conclusion, sustainable viticulture requires the adoption of practices that enhance soil health, including improving organic matter, promoting microbial activity, and reducing soil degradation. These practices are essential for maintaining the long-term productivity and environmental sustainability of vineyards.