The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter

The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter

November 26, 2024 | Nima Arkani-Hamed*, Savas Dimopoulos** and Gia Dvali†
The authors propose a new framework to solve the hierarchy problem, suggesting that the gravitational and gauge interactions are unified at the weak scale, which is taken as the only fundamental short-distance scale. They argue that the observed weakness of gravity on distances greater than 1 mm is due to the existence of at least two new compact spatial dimensions larger than the weak scale. The Planck scale is not a fundamental scale but a consequence of the large size of these new dimensions. Gravitons can propagate freely in these extra dimensions, while Standard Model (SM) fields must be localized to a 4-dimensional manifold with a "thickness" of the inverse weak scale. This framework predicts several experimental signals, such as deviations from Newtonian gravity at sub-millimeter distances, strong quantum gravitational interactions at the LHC and NLC, and the disappearance and reappearance of particles from extra dimensions. The authors construct a model with SM fields localized on the 4-dimensional throat of a vortex in 6 dimensions, using a Pati-Salam gauge symmetry. They discuss the phenomenological and astrophysical constraints on their framework and provide a detailed construction of a realistic model. The paper concludes by highlighting the novel implications for particle physics, cosmology, and the hierarchy problem.The authors propose a new framework to solve the hierarchy problem, suggesting that the gravitational and gauge interactions are unified at the weak scale, which is taken as the only fundamental short-distance scale. They argue that the observed weakness of gravity on distances greater than 1 mm is due to the existence of at least two new compact spatial dimensions larger than the weak scale. The Planck scale is not a fundamental scale but a consequence of the large size of these new dimensions. Gravitons can propagate freely in these extra dimensions, while Standard Model (SM) fields must be localized to a 4-dimensional manifold with a "thickness" of the inverse weak scale. This framework predicts several experimental signals, such as deviations from Newtonian gravity at sub-millimeter distances, strong quantum gravitational interactions at the LHC and NLC, and the disappearance and reappearance of particles from extra dimensions. The authors construct a model with SM fields localized on the 4-dimensional throat of a vortex in 6 dimensions, using a Pati-Salam gauge symmetry. They discuss the phenomenological and astrophysical constraints on their framework and provide a detailed construction of a realistic model. The paper concludes by highlighting the novel implications for particle physics, cosmology, and the hierarchy problem.
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Understanding The Hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter