The paper presents a charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential, the CD-Bonn, which fits the world proton-proton data below 350 MeV with a $\chi^2$/datum of 1.01 for 2932 data and the corresponding neutron-proton data with $\chi^2$/datum = 1.02 for 3058 data. This reproduction of NN data is more accurate than any phase-shift analysis or other NN potential. The charge-dependence of the CD-Bonn potential is based on the predictions of the Bonn Full Model for charge symmetry and charge-independence breaking in all partial waves with $J \leq 4$. The potential is represented in terms of covariant Feynman amplitudes for one-boson exchange, which are nonlocal. This leads to a different off-shell behavior compared to commonly used local potentials, resulting in larger binding energies in nuclear few- and many-body systems. The paper discusses the model, charge dependence, NN scattering, and the deuteron, concluding that the CD-Bonn potential is a promising starting point for exact few-body calculations and microscopic nuclear many-body theory.The paper presents a charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential, the CD-Bonn, which fits the world proton-proton data below 350 MeV with a $\chi^2$/datum of 1.01 for 2932 data and the corresponding neutron-proton data with $\chi^2$/datum = 1.02 for 3058 data. This reproduction of NN data is more accurate than any phase-shift analysis or other NN potential. The charge-dependence of the CD-Bonn potential is based on the predictions of the Bonn Full Model for charge symmetry and charge-independence breaking in all partial waves with $J \leq 4$. The potential is represented in terms of covariant Feynman amplitudes for one-boson exchange, which are nonlocal. This leads to a different off-shell behavior compared to commonly used local potentials, resulting in larger binding energies in nuclear few- and many-body systems. The paper discusses the model, charge dependence, NN scattering, and the deuteron, concluding that the CD-Bonn potential is a promising starting point for exact few-body calculations and microscopic nuclear many-body theory.