The Hippo pathway regulates cell number in animals by controlling cell proliferation, death, and differentiation. It is conserved in both Drosophila and mammals, with key components such as MST1/2, Lats1/2, and YAP/TAZ. The pathway integrates signals from cell polarity, mechanotransduction, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the actin cytoskeleton. YAP/TAZ, which are regulated by phosphorylation, control gene expression by interacting with transcription factors like TEAD1-4. The Hippo pathway is crucial for development, tissue homeostasis, and preventing tumorigenesis. It is also involved in tissue regeneration and wound healing, where increased YAP/TAZ activity promotes cell proliferation and migration. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can lead to cancer, as YAP/TAZ are often overexpressed or hyperphosphorylated in human cancers. The pathway is regulated by various upstream signals, including mechanical cues, GPCR signaling, and cell junctions, which influence YAP/TAZ localization and activity. The Hippo pathway plays a key role in organ size control, and its dysregulation is linked to tumor development. Understanding the Hippo pathway's regulatory mechanisms is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases involving cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis.The Hippo pathway regulates cell number in animals by controlling cell proliferation, death, and differentiation. It is conserved in both Drosophila and mammals, with key components such as MST1/2, Lats1/2, and YAP/TAZ. The pathway integrates signals from cell polarity, mechanotransduction, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the actin cytoskeleton. YAP/TAZ, which are regulated by phosphorylation, control gene expression by interacting with transcription factors like TEAD1-4. The Hippo pathway is crucial for development, tissue homeostasis, and preventing tumorigenesis. It is also involved in tissue regeneration and wound healing, where increased YAP/TAZ activity promotes cell proliferation and migration. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can lead to cancer, as YAP/TAZ are often overexpressed or hyperphosphorylated in human cancers. The pathway is regulated by various upstream signals, including mechanical cues, GPCR signaling, and cell junctions, which influence YAP/TAZ localization and activity. The Hippo pathway plays a key role in organ size control, and its dysregulation is linked to tumor development. Understanding the Hippo pathway's regulatory mechanisms is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases involving cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis.