The article provides a comprehensive overview of the history and development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, highlighting their significant contributions to various scientific fields. Nanoscience, defined as the study of structures and molecules on the nanometer scale (1-100 nm), and nanotechnology, which involves the practical application of these structures, have seen rapid advancements since the early 2000s. The field gained public awareness and commercial applications, particularly in areas such as physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, and engineering. Notably, nanotechnologies have been applied to human health, with promising results in cancer treatment. The article traces the origins of nanotechnology back to the 5th century B.C. with the Greek philosopher Democritus' concept of atoms. The modern era of nanotechnology began with Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture, where he introduced the idea of manipulating matter at the atomic level. Norio Taniguchi defined "nanotechnology" in 1974, and subsequent developments include the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in 1981, which revolutionized surface imaging and manipulation. Key milestones include the discovery of carbon nanotubes and buckminsterfullerene (C60) in the late 1980s and 1990s, respectively, and the emergence of carbon dots (C-dots) in 2004. These advancements have led to significant applications in medicine, such as drug delivery and molecular imaging, and in environmental and energy technologies. The article also discusses the potential of nanotechnology in biomedicine, particularly in cancer therapeutics, where nanomaterials can act as drug carriers or modulate biological processes. Additionally, it highlights the role of computational approaches in nanomedicine, such as nanoinformatics, which uses machine learning and predictive analytics to design more efficient nanocarriers. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the broad impact of nanoscience and nanotechnology on various fields, from industrial applications to medical devices, and underscores the ongoing research efforts to further advance these technologies.The article provides a comprehensive overview of the history and development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, highlighting their significant contributions to various scientific fields. Nanoscience, defined as the study of structures and molecules on the nanometer scale (1-100 nm), and nanotechnology, which involves the practical application of these structures, have seen rapid advancements since the early 2000s. The field gained public awareness and commercial applications, particularly in areas such as physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, and engineering. Notably, nanotechnologies have been applied to human health, with promising results in cancer treatment. The article traces the origins of nanotechnology back to the 5th century B.C. with the Greek philosopher Democritus' concept of atoms. The modern era of nanotechnology began with Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture, where he introduced the idea of manipulating matter at the atomic level. Norio Taniguchi defined "nanotechnology" in 1974, and subsequent developments include the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in 1981, which revolutionized surface imaging and manipulation. Key milestones include the discovery of carbon nanotubes and buckminsterfullerene (C60) in the late 1980s and 1990s, respectively, and the emergence of carbon dots (C-dots) in 2004. These advancements have led to significant applications in medicine, such as drug delivery and molecular imaging, and in environmental and energy technologies. The article also discusses the potential of nanotechnology in biomedicine, particularly in cancer therapeutics, where nanomaterials can act as drug carriers or modulate biological processes. Additionally, it highlights the role of computational approaches in nanomedicine, such as nanoinformatics, which uses machine learning and predictive analytics to design more efficient nanocarriers. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the broad impact of nanoscience and nanotechnology on various fields, from industrial applications to medical devices, and underscores the ongoing research efforts to further advance these technologies.