The human brain has long been considered unique due to its large size, complex cerebral cortex, and high neuron count. However, recent studies using a novel method to determine the cellular composition of the brain show that brain size is not a reliable proxy for the number of neurons. The human brain is not exceptional in its cellular composition, containing as many neurons and non-neuronal cells as expected for a primate of its size. The human cerebral cortex, while large, contains only 19% of all brain neurons, similar to other mammals. The human brain has two advantages: it follows economical scaling rules like other primates, and it is the largest primate brain, containing the most neurons. These findings suggest that cognitive abilities are better explained by absolute neuron numbers rather than body size or encephalization. The human brain's cellular composition aligns with primate scaling rules, indicating it is a linearly scaled-up primate brain. This challenges the notion of human uniqueness and highlights the importance of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities. The human brain has about 86 billion neurons and 85 billion non-neuronal cells, which is close to expected values for a primate brain of its size. The cerebral cortex, though large, contains only 19% of all neurons, similar to other primates. The human brain's structure and neuron count suggest it is not unique but follows primate scaling rules. This challenges the idea that humans are exceptional and emphasizes the role of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities. The human brain's cellular composition is not unique, and its size does not necessarily mean more neurons. The human brain's neuron count is comparable to other primates, and its structure follows primate scaling rules. This suggests that the human brain is not unique but follows primate scaling rules. The human brain's neuron count is not unique, and its structure follows primate scaling rules. This challenges the idea that humans are exceptional and emphasizes the role of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities. The human brain's cellular composition is not unique, and its size does not necessarily mean more neurons. The human brain's structure follows primate scaling rules, indicating it is a linearly scaled-up primate brain. This challenges the idea that humans are exceptional and emphasizes the role of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities.The human brain has long been considered unique due to its large size, complex cerebral cortex, and high neuron count. However, recent studies using a novel method to determine the cellular composition of the brain show that brain size is not a reliable proxy for the number of neurons. The human brain is not exceptional in its cellular composition, containing as many neurons and non-neuronal cells as expected for a primate of its size. The human cerebral cortex, while large, contains only 19% of all brain neurons, similar to other mammals. The human brain has two advantages: it follows economical scaling rules like other primates, and it is the largest primate brain, containing the most neurons. These findings suggest that cognitive abilities are better explained by absolute neuron numbers rather than body size or encephalization. The human brain's cellular composition aligns with primate scaling rules, indicating it is a linearly scaled-up primate brain. This challenges the notion of human uniqueness and highlights the importance of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities. The human brain has about 86 billion neurons and 85 billion non-neuronal cells, which is close to expected values for a primate brain of its size. The cerebral cortex, though large, contains only 19% of all neurons, similar to other primates. The human brain's structure and neuron count suggest it is not unique but follows primate scaling rules. This challenges the idea that humans are exceptional and emphasizes the role of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities. The human brain's cellular composition is not unique, and its size does not necessarily mean more neurons. The human brain's neuron count is comparable to other primates, and its structure follows primate scaling rules. This suggests that the human brain is not unique but follows primate scaling rules. The human brain's neuron count is not unique, and its structure follows primate scaling rules. This challenges the idea that humans are exceptional and emphasizes the role of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities. The human brain's cellular composition is not unique, and its size does not necessarily mean more neurons. The human brain's structure follows primate scaling rules, indicating it is a linearly scaled-up primate brain. This challenges the idea that humans are exceptional and emphasizes the role of neuron numbers in cognitive abilities.