This review explores the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles of polyphenols, highlighting their ability to target multiple inflammatory pathways and reduce inflammation. Polyphenols regulate immunity by modulating immune cell function, cytokine production, and gene expression. They inhibit key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Polyphenols also exhibit antioxidant properties, inhibiting enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Their anti-inflammatory effects are further supported by their ability to suppress toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Polyphenols have been shown to modulate immune responses by increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reducing Th1 and Th17 populations. They also inhibit macrophage activation, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, polyphenols can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and reduce oxidative stress. Polyphenols play a significant role in modulating signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and arachidonic acid pathways, which are involved in inflammation and immune responses. They inhibit the activation of these pathways, leading to reduced inflammation and improved immune function. Polyphenols also exhibit anti-cancer properties by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis. In chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases, polyphenols have shown protective effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. They also contribute to the prevention and treatment of cancer by modulating signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Overall, polyphenols have a wide range of beneficial effects on health, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Their ability to modulate immune responses and inflammatory pathways makes them promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases.This review explores the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles of polyphenols, highlighting their ability to target multiple inflammatory pathways and reduce inflammation. Polyphenols regulate immunity by modulating immune cell function, cytokine production, and gene expression. They inhibit key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Polyphenols also exhibit antioxidant properties, inhibiting enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Their anti-inflammatory effects are further supported by their ability to suppress toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Polyphenols have been shown to modulate immune responses by increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reducing Th1 and Th17 populations. They also inhibit macrophage activation, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, polyphenols can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and reduce oxidative stress. Polyphenols play a significant role in modulating signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and arachidonic acid pathways, which are involved in inflammation and immune responses. They inhibit the activation of these pathways, leading to reduced inflammation and improved immune function. Polyphenols also exhibit anti-cancer properties by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis. In chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases, polyphenols have shown protective effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. They also contribute to the prevention and treatment of cancer by modulating signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Overall, polyphenols have a wide range of beneficial effects on health, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Their ability to modulate immune responses and inflammatory pathways makes them promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases.