Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of phosphoric acid production, contains complex impurities, leading to low utilization and environmental issues. This review summarizes current PG impurity removal and utilization technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and explores future development directions. PG is mainly composed of CaSO₄·2H₂O and contains phosphorus, fluorine, and other impurities. Due to its high radioactivity and low value-added products, PG accumulation is a significant environmental problem. Various purification methods, including physical (washing, cyclone classification, sieving), chemical (acid/alkali leaching, neutralization), flotation, recrystallization, microbiological, and heat treatment, are discussed. Each method has its pros and cons, with some being cost-effective but unable to fully remove encapsulated impurities. The recrystallization method is effective for removing intercrystalline impurities and producing high-value gypsum products. PG has potential applications in construction, road materials, rare earth recovery, chemical products, agriculture, and environmental applications. However, its radioactivity and impurities pose risks, requiring further research for safe and efficient utilization. The review emphasizes the need for innovative technologies and policies to promote sustainable PG utilization.Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of phosphoric acid production, contains complex impurities, leading to low utilization and environmental issues. This review summarizes current PG impurity removal and utilization technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and explores future development directions. PG is mainly composed of CaSO₄·2H₂O and contains phosphorus, fluorine, and other impurities. Due to its high radioactivity and low value-added products, PG accumulation is a significant environmental problem. Various purification methods, including physical (washing, cyclone classification, sieving), chemical (acid/alkali leaching, neutralization), flotation, recrystallization, microbiological, and heat treatment, are discussed. Each method has its pros and cons, with some being cost-effective but unable to fully remove encapsulated impurities. The recrystallization method is effective for removing intercrystalline impurities and producing high-value gypsum products. PG has potential applications in construction, road materials, rare earth recovery, chemical products, agriculture, and environmental applications. However, its radioactivity and impurities pose risks, requiring further research for safe and efficient utilization. The review emphasizes the need for innovative technologies and policies to promote sustainable PG utilization.