Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of phosphoric acid production, contains complex impurities, leading to low utilization rates and significant environmental pollution. This review comprehensively examines existing PG impurity removal and utilization technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Physical methods like washing, cyclone classification, and sieving are cost-effective but struggle to remove intercrystalline impurities. Chemical methods, including acid/alkali leaching and neutralization, are more effective but can be complex and energy-intensive. Flotation, recrystallization, microbial methods, and heat treatment offer innovative approaches, but each has limitations. Utilization of PG in construction materials, road bases, and pavement materials, as well as recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) and other applications, presents promising avenues for sustainable development. However, challenges such as radioactivity and the need for cost-effective purification processes must be addressed to fully realize the potential of PG utilization. The review provides insights and strategies for advancing PG management and utilization.Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of phosphoric acid production, contains complex impurities, leading to low utilization rates and significant environmental pollution. This review comprehensively examines existing PG impurity removal and utilization technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Physical methods like washing, cyclone classification, and sieving are cost-effective but struggle to remove intercrystalline impurities. Chemical methods, including acid/alkali leaching and neutralization, are more effective but can be complex and energy-intensive. Flotation, recrystallization, microbial methods, and heat treatment offer innovative approaches, but each has limitations. Utilization of PG in construction materials, road bases, and pavement materials, as well as recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) and other applications, presents promising avenues for sustainable development. However, challenges such as radioactivity and the need for cost-effective purification processes must be addressed to fully realize the potential of PG utilization. The review provides insights and strategies for advancing PG management and utilization.