The Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP) is a comprehensive initiative that aims to understand the dynamic interactions between the human body and its microbiome under various conditions. The project, which followed the NIH Human Microbiome Project (HMP), consists of three main studies: pregnancy and preterm birth, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and prediabetes. These studies involve extensive multi-omic analyses, including microbial community composition, viromics, metabolomics, gene expression, and proteomics, to provide a holistic view of host-microbiome interactions. 1. **Pregnancy and Preterm Birth**: The Multi-Omic Microbiome Study: Pregnancy Initiative (MOMS-PI) followed 1,527 pregnant women, collecting over 200,000 specimens. The study identified temporal changes in the vaginal microbiome and associated risk factors for preterm birth, particularly in women of African ancestry. Key findings include the convergence of vaginal microbiomes towards *Lactobacillus*-dominated communities in the second trimester and the association of certain microbial taxa with preterm birth. 2. **Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)**: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multiomics Database (IBDMDB) project followed 132 individuals with IBD and 106 control subjects over one year each. The study revealed dynamic changes in the gut microbiome and host immune responses during disease activity, highlighting the importance of microbial configurations and host factors in disease progression. 3. **Prediabetes**: The Integrated Personal Omics Project (IPOP) followed 106 healthy and prediabetic individuals over four years, collecting quarterly samples. The study found that insulin-resistant individuals showed distinct molecular and microbial patterns compared to insulin-sensitive participants, with significant differences observed during perturbations such as respiratory viral infections and weight changes. The iHMP has produced a wealth of multi-omic data, totaling 42 terabytes, which are available through the HMP Data Coordination Center (DCC). This data resource is crucial for future research on microbiome-related conditions and will continue to drive advancements in understanding and managing human health. The project has also highlighted the need for further research to understand the complex interactions between the microbiome and various health conditions, as well as the role of genetic and environmental factors in these interactions.The Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP) is a comprehensive initiative that aims to understand the dynamic interactions between the human body and its microbiome under various conditions. The project, which followed the NIH Human Microbiome Project (HMP), consists of three main studies: pregnancy and preterm birth, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and prediabetes. These studies involve extensive multi-omic analyses, including microbial community composition, viromics, metabolomics, gene expression, and proteomics, to provide a holistic view of host-microbiome interactions. 1. **Pregnancy and Preterm Birth**: The Multi-Omic Microbiome Study: Pregnancy Initiative (MOMS-PI) followed 1,527 pregnant women, collecting over 200,000 specimens. The study identified temporal changes in the vaginal microbiome and associated risk factors for preterm birth, particularly in women of African ancestry. Key findings include the convergence of vaginal microbiomes towards *Lactobacillus*-dominated communities in the second trimester and the association of certain microbial taxa with preterm birth. 2. **Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)**: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multiomics Database (IBDMDB) project followed 132 individuals with IBD and 106 control subjects over one year each. The study revealed dynamic changes in the gut microbiome and host immune responses during disease activity, highlighting the importance of microbial configurations and host factors in disease progression. 3. **Prediabetes**: The Integrated Personal Omics Project (IPOP) followed 106 healthy and prediabetic individuals over four years, collecting quarterly samples. The study found that insulin-resistant individuals showed distinct molecular and microbial patterns compared to insulin-sensitive participants, with significant differences observed during perturbations such as respiratory viral infections and weight changes. The iHMP has produced a wealth of multi-omic data, totaling 42 terabytes, which are available through the HMP Data Coordination Center (DCC). This data resource is crucial for future research on microbiome-related conditions and will continue to drive advancements in understanding and managing human health. The project has also highlighted the need for further research to understand the complex interactions between the microbiome and various health conditions, as well as the role of genetic and environmental factors in these interactions.