Ailanthus altissima, commonly known as the Tree of Heaven, is an invasive species native to China that has spread globally, threatening ecosystems by displacing native species, altering habitats, and affecting ecosystem processes. It reproduces both vegetatively through root regrowth and sexually via wind-dispersed seeds. Its rapid growth and high seed production enable it to spread quickly, making it a significant ecological challenge. Seed germination is influenced by temperature, light, and water conditions, with dormancy and longevity varying among individuals. Effective control strategies include herbicides, mechanical removal, and biological agents, though current methods often lack complete eradication. Herbicides applied directly to the trunk are commonly used, but new formulations are needed for better efficacy. Biological control agents, such as fungi and insects, show promise but require further testing for safety and effectiveness. Management strategies must consider the plant's resilience and adaptability, as well as its impact on native flora and ecosystems. Challenges include the plant's ability to resprout from roots, allelopathic effects, and the need for long-term monitoring. Research is needed to improve understanding of seed biology, germination requirements, and effective control methods to manage this invasive species effectively.Ailanthus altissima, commonly known as the Tree of Heaven, is an invasive species native to China that has spread globally, threatening ecosystems by displacing native species, altering habitats, and affecting ecosystem processes. It reproduces both vegetatively through root regrowth and sexually via wind-dispersed seeds. Its rapid growth and high seed production enable it to spread quickly, making it a significant ecological challenge. Seed germination is influenced by temperature, light, and water conditions, with dormancy and longevity varying among individuals. Effective control strategies include herbicides, mechanical removal, and biological agents, though current methods often lack complete eradication. Herbicides applied directly to the trunk are commonly used, but new formulations are needed for better efficacy. Biological control agents, such as fungi and insects, show promise but require further testing for safety and effectiveness. Management strategies must consider the plant's resilience and adaptability, as well as its impact on native flora and ecosystems. Challenges include the plant's ability to resprout from roots, allelopathic effects, and the need for long-term monitoring. Research is needed to improve understanding of seed biology, germination requirements, and effective control methods to manage this invasive species effectively.