The article provides an overview of the JPEG 2000 still image compression standard, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). JPEG 2000, established in the mid-1990s, aims to address the evolving needs of multimedia and Internet applications by offering superior low-bit-rate performance, scalability, and interoperability. The standard supports various types of images and applications, including natural images, scientific data, medical imaging, and remote sensing. Key features of JPEG 2000 include: - **Tiling**: Image tiles are compressed independently, reducing memory requirements and enabling partial decoding. - **Wavelet Transform**: A discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose images into subbands, allowing for efficient compression. - **Quantization**: coefficients are quantized to reduce precision, with options for uniform scalar quantization and trellis coded quantization. - **Entropy Coding**: Arithmetic coding is used to compress binary symbols, with adaptive probability models and lazy coding mode for improved performance. - **Bit-Stream Formation**: Code blocks are coded independently, allowing for spatial random access and error resilience. - **ROI (Region of Interest)**: allows for higher-quality encoding of specific regions within an image. - **Scalability**: supports progressive and hierarchical coding, enabling different qualities and resolutions. - **Error Resilience**: includes tools to handle channel errors, such as data partitioning, resynchronization, and error detection. - **Visual Frequency Weighting**: accounts for the human visual system's sensitivity to spatial frequencies. - **New File Format**: introduces the JP2 format, which can store application-specific data and metadata. The article also discusses the structure of the JPEG 2000 standard, including the preprocessing, core processing, and bit-stream formation stages, and provides performance comparisons with existing standards.The article provides an overview of the JPEG 2000 still image compression standard, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). JPEG 2000, established in the mid-1990s, aims to address the evolving needs of multimedia and Internet applications by offering superior low-bit-rate performance, scalability, and interoperability. The standard supports various types of images and applications, including natural images, scientific data, medical imaging, and remote sensing. Key features of JPEG 2000 include: - **Tiling**: Image tiles are compressed independently, reducing memory requirements and enabling partial decoding. - **Wavelet Transform**: A discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose images into subbands, allowing for efficient compression. - **Quantization**: coefficients are quantized to reduce precision, with options for uniform scalar quantization and trellis coded quantization. - **Entropy Coding**: Arithmetic coding is used to compress binary symbols, with adaptive probability models and lazy coding mode for improved performance. - **Bit-Stream Formation**: Code blocks are coded independently, allowing for spatial random access and error resilience. - **ROI (Region of Interest)**: allows for higher-quality encoding of specific regions within an image. - **Scalability**: supports progressive and hierarchical coding, enabling different qualities and resolutions. - **Error Resilience**: includes tools to handle channel errors, such as data partitioning, resynchronization, and error detection. - **Visual Frequency Weighting**: accounts for the human visual system's sensitivity to spatial frequencies. - **New File Format**: introduces the JP2 format, which can store application-specific data and metadata. The article also discusses the structure of the JPEG 2000 standard, including the preprocessing, core processing, and bit-stream formation stages, and provides performance comparisons with existing standards.