The article provides an overview of the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard for digital image compression, focusing on its key components and applications. JPEG aims to address the high data requirements and storage costs associated with digital images, particularly in general-purpose computing systems. The standard offers lossy and lossless compression methods, with lossy compression being more efficient for most applications. The DCT-based compression method, which is the core of JPEG, decomposes images into frequency components, allowing for significant data reduction while maintaining acceptable image quality. JPEG also specifies multiple modes of operation, including sequential, progressive, lossless, and hierarchical encoding, to cater to various applications. The standard includes detailed processing steps for DCT-based coding, such as Forward DCT (FDCT), Quantization, DC Coding, Zig-Zag Ordering, and Entropy Coding. Additionally, JPEG defines the interchange format for compressed images, ensuring compatibility across different systems. The article concludes by highlighting the potential of JPEG to facilitate the widespread use of digital images in various applications, despite the challenges of integrating incompatible systems and standards.The article provides an overview of the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard for digital image compression, focusing on its key components and applications. JPEG aims to address the high data requirements and storage costs associated with digital images, particularly in general-purpose computing systems. The standard offers lossy and lossless compression methods, with lossy compression being more efficient for most applications. The DCT-based compression method, which is the core of JPEG, decomposes images into frequency components, allowing for significant data reduction while maintaining acceptable image quality. JPEG also specifies multiple modes of operation, including sequential, progressive, lossless, and hierarchical encoding, to cater to various applications. The standard includes detailed processing steps for DCT-based coding, such as Forward DCT (FDCT), Quantization, DC Coding, Zig-Zag Ordering, and Entropy Coding. Additionally, JPEG defines the interchange format for compressed images, ensuring compatibility across different systems. The article concludes by highlighting the potential of JPEG to facilitate the widespread use of digital images in various applications, despite the challenges of integrating incompatible systems and standards.