The Lancet Commission on Prostate Cancer provides a comprehensive overview of the global burden of prostate cancer and projects that the number of new cases will increase from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million in 2040. This surge is driven by demographic changes, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where late diagnosis is prevalent. The Commission emphasizes the need for urgent interventions, including early diagnosis systems, to shift the case mix from advanced to earlier-stage disease. It highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence and novel personnel in diagnostic pathways and the need for affordable and effective treatments. The report also discusses the challenges in LMICs, such as a shortage of specialist surgeons and radiotherapy equipment, and the need for better access to care. The Commission makes recommendations for policy, clinical practice, and research to address these issues, emphasizing the importance of early detection and improved management to reduce harm and improve outcomes.The Lancet Commission on Prostate Cancer provides a comprehensive overview of the global burden of prostate cancer and projects that the number of new cases will increase from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million in 2040. This surge is driven by demographic changes, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where late diagnosis is prevalent. The Commission emphasizes the need for urgent interventions, including early diagnosis systems, to shift the case mix from advanced to earlier-stage disease. It highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence and novel personnel in diagnostic pathways and the need for affordable and effective treatments. The report also discusses the challenges in LMICs, such as a shortage of specialist surgeons and radiotherapy equipment, and the need for better access to care. The Commission makes recommendations for policy, clinical practice, and research to address these issues, emphasizing the importance of early detection and improved management to reduce harm and improve outcomes.