The chapter discusses the book *The Myth of Mental Illness* by Thomas S. Szasz, which challenges the traditional view of mental disorders as illnesses. Szasz argues that mental disorders should not be seen as physico-chemical disorders but rather as forms of communication or "games" where patients use symptoms to gain advantages from society. He suggests that this approach could be misused to justify a return to pre-19th-century attitudes towards mental illness, where patients were seen as having undesirable conduct rather than being ill. Szasz's arguments, while controversial, highlight the social and ethical implications of how mental illness is perceived and treated. However, the chapter also criticizes Szasz for not addressing the underlying psychological conflicts that drive patients' behavior, which is a key focus of psychotherapy. The chapter concludes by noting that while Szasz's book is stimulating and thought-provoking, it contains fundamental errors in its approach to mental illness.The chapter discusses the book *The Myth of Mental Illness* by Thomas S. Szasz, which challenges the traditional view of mental disorders as illnesses. Szasz argues that mental disorders should not be seen as physico-chemical disorders but rather as forms of communication or "games" where patients use symptoms to gain advantages from society. He suggests that this approach could be misused to justify a return to pre-19th-century attitudes towards mental illness, where patients were seen as having undesirable conduct rather than being ill. Szasz's arguments, while controversial, highlight the social and ethical implications of how mental illness is perceived and treated. However, the chapter also criticizes Szasz for not addressing the underlying psychological conflicts that drive patients' behavior, which is a key focus of psychotherapy. The chapter concludes by noting that while Szasz's book is stimulating and thought-provoking, it contains fundamental errors in its approach to mental illness.