This study investigates the neural mechanisms underlying two distinct emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers examined how these strategies influence emotional experience, facial behavior, and neural responses during the viewing of emotionally charged films. Cognitive reappraisal, a cognitive strategy, was found to reduce negative emotion experience and decrease activity in the amygdala and insula, with early prefrontal cortex (PFC) responses. In contrast, expressive suppression, a behavioral strategy, reduced negative emotion behavior but increased amygdala and insula responses, with late PFC responses. These findings highlight the differential temporal dynamics of these strategies, with reappraisal having an early impact on the emotion-generative process and suppression a later impact. The study involved 17 women who viewed 15-second films under four conditions: watching neutral, watching negative, reappraising negative, and suppressing negative. Results showed that reappraisal led to reduced negative emotion experience and decreased neural responses, while suppression resulted in reduced facial behavior but increased neural activity. The study underscores the importance of considering the temporal aspects of emotion regulation strategies in understanding their effects on emotional experience, behavior, and neural activity. It also highlights the potential health implications of these strategies, particularly in terms of stress regulation and emotional well-being. The findings contribute to the understanding of how different emotion regulation strategies affect the brain and behavior, with implications for clinical practice and research in psychopathology.This study investigates the neural mechanisms underlying two distinct emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers examined how these strategies influence emotional experience, facial behavior, and neural responses during the viewing of emotionally charged films. Cognitive reappraisal, a cognitive strategy, was found to reduce negative emotion experience and decrease activity in the amygdala and insula, with early prefrontal cortex (PFC) responses. In contrast, expressive suppression, a behavioral strategy, reduced negative emotion behavior but increased amygdala and insula responses, with late PFC responses. These findings highlight the differential temporal dynamics of these strategies, with reappraisal having an early impact on the emotion-generative process and suppression a later impact. The study involved 17 women who viewed 15-second films under four conditions: watching neutral, watching negative, reappraising negative, and suppressing negative. Results showed that reappraisal led to reduced negative emotion experience and decreased neural responses, while suppression resulted in reduced facial behavior but increased neural activity. The study underscores the importance of considering the temporal aspects of emotion regulation strategies in understanding their effects on emotional experience, behavior, and neural activity. It also highlights the potential health implications of these strategies, particularly in terms of stress regulation and emotional well-being. The findings contribute to the understanding of how different emotion regulation strategies affect the brain and behavior, with implications for clinical practice and research in psychopathology.