This article discusses the physical implementation of quantum computation, outlining five key requirements for quantum computing, plus two related to quantum communication. The author, David P. DiVincenzo, reviews various approaches in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear and electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy, superconducting electronics, and quantum-dot physics. The five requirements for quantum computation are: (1) a scalable physical system with well-characterized qubits, (2) the ability to initialize qubits to a simple state, (3) long decoherence times, (4) a universal set of quantum gates, and (5) the ability to measure specific qubits. Additionally, two requirements for quantum communication are: (6) the ability to interconvert stationary and flying qubits, and (7) the ability to transmit flying qubits between locations. The article also discusses the challenges and potential solutions for each requirement, emphasizing the importance of quantum error correction and the need for scalable and reliable quantum systems. It highlights the potential of various physical systems, such as ions, superconducting circuits, and quantum dots, for quantum computing. The author concludes that while the full realization of quantum computing remains a challenge, the field is rapidly advancing and offers promising opportunities for future research and development.This article discusses the physical implementation of quantum computation, outlining five key requirements for quantum computing, plus two related to quantum communication. The author, David P. DiVincenzo, reviews various approaches in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear and electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy, superconducting electronics, and quantum-dot physics. The five requirements for quantum computation are: (1) a scalable physical system with well-characterized qubits, (2) the ability to initialize qubits to a simple state, (3) long decoherence times, (4) a universal set of quantum gates, and (5) the ability to measure specific qubits. Additionally, two requirements for quantum communication are: (6) the ability to interconvert stationary and flying qubits, and (7) the ability to transmit flying qubits between locations. The article also discusses the challenges and potential solutions for each requirement, emphasizing the importance of quantum error correction and the need for scalable and reliable quantum systems. It highlights the potential of various physical systems, such as ions, superconducting circuits, and quantum dots, for quantum computing. The author concludes that while the full realization of quantum computing remains a challenge, the field is rapidly advancing and offers promising opportunities for future research and development.