The article reviews the physicochemical and functional properties of biosurfactants, emphasizing their natural origin and potential applications. Biosurfactants, primarily derived from microbial sources such as *Bacillus* spp. and *Pseudomonas* spp., are characterized by their complex chemical structures involving lipids, carbohydrates, peptides, and phosphates. Lipopeptides, in particular, have garnered significant attention due to their versatile properties, including emulsifying, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The review highlights the advantages of biosurfactants over synthetic surfactants, such as better biodegradability, environmental compatibility, and enhanced performance at extreme conditions. It also discusses the classification of biosurfactants, their production methods, and the techniques used to detect and characterize them. The article further explores the physicochemical properties of biosurfactants, including their emulsifying activities, surface tension reduction, and stability under various conditions. Additionally, it delves into the bioactive properties of biosurfactants, such as their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, antiparasitic, and anti-cancer activities. The review concludes by discussing the potential applications of biosurfactants in various industries and the future research directions in this field.The article reviews the physicochemical and functional properties of biosurfactants, emphasizing their natural origin and potential applications. Biosurfactants, primarily derived from microbial sources such as *Bacillus* spp. and *Pseudomonas* spp., are characterized by their complex chemical structures involving lipids, carbohydrates, peptides, and phosphates. Lipopeptides, in particular, have garnered significant attention due to their versatile properties, including emulsifying, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The review highlights the advantages of biosurfactants over synthetic surfactants, such as better biodegradability, environmental compatibility, and enhanced performance at extreme conditions. It also discusses the classification of biosurfactants, their production methods, and the techniques used to detect and characterize them. The article further explores the physicochemical properties of biosurfactants, including their emulsifying activities, surface tension reduction, and stability under various conditions. Additionally, it delves into the bioactive properties of biosurfactants, such as their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, antiparasitic, and anti-cancer activities. The review concludes by discussing the potential applications of biosurfactants in various industries and the future research directions in this field.