The Polycomb Complex PRC2 and its Mark in Life

The Polycomb Complex PRC2 and its Mark in Life

2011 January 20 | Raphaël Margueron and Danny Reinberg
The article discusses the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and its role in gene silencing through histone modifications. PRC2 is a key component of the Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins, which are essential for maintaining proper patterns of homeotic gene expression during development. PRC2 is responsible for the methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me2/3) through its enzymatic subunits Ezh1 and Ezh2. It also interacts with PRC1, which mono-ubiquitylates lysine 119 of histone H2A (H2AK119ub). The PRC2 complex consists of several proteins, including Ezh1/2, Suz12, Eed, and RbAp46/48, and has evolved to have a more complex structure in plants. The composition of PRC2 can vary, with some components being more conserved than others. PRC2 plays a crucial role in maintaining gene repression during development and in the maintenance of pluripotency in stem cells. It is also involved in the regulation of gene expression in various cellular processes, including differentiation and cancer. The article also discusses the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the recruitment of PRC2 and the biological functions of PRC2 in different contexts. Overall, PRC2 is a critical component of the PcG proteins that regulates gene expression through histone modifications and plays a vital role in development, stem cell maintenance, and disease.The article discusses the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and its role in gene silencing through histone modifications. PRC2 is a key component of the Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins, which are essential for maintaining proper patterns of homeotic gene expression during development. PRC2 is responsible for the methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me2/3) through its enzymatic subunits Ezh1 and Ezh2. It also interacts with PRC1, which mono-ubiquitylates lysine 119 of histone H2A (H2AK119ub). The PRC2 complex consists of several proteins, including Ezh1/2, Suz12, Eed, and RbAp46/48, and has evolved to have a more complex structure in plants. The composition of PRC2 can vary, with some components being more conserved than others. PRC2 plays a crucial role in maintaining gene repression during development and in the maintenance of pluripotency in stem cells. It is also involved in the regulation of gene expression in various cellular processes, including differentiation and cancer. The article also discusses the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the recruitment of PRC2 and the biological functions of PRC2 in different contexts. Overall, PRC2 is a critical component of the PcG proteins that regulates gene expression through histone modifications and plays a vital role in development, stem cell maintenance, and disease.
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