The article discusses the protective role of melanin against ultraviolet (UV) damage in human skin. UV radiation is a significant environmental factor that influences cell function and survival, and is a major cause of skin cancer. Melanin, a pigment in the skin, has traditionally been considered the most important photoprotective factor due to its broadband UV absorbency and antioxidant properties. Epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence of skin cancer in individuals with darker skin compared to those with fair skin. However, the relationship between pigmentation and photoprotection is complex. The article outlines the acute and chronic effects of UV radiation on human skin, the properties of melanin, and its regulation and effect on skin cancer prevention. It highlights that while melanin provides significant protection against UV-induced DNA damage and skin cancer, it can also have toxic properties, especially after exposure to UV radiation. The article also discusses the hormonal regulation of pigmentation and the role of melanin in UV exposure and skin cancer. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding melanin's photoprotective properties to develop new approaches for safe modulation of pigmentation and prevention of skin cancer.The article discusses the protective role of melanin against ultraviolet (UV) damage in human skin. UV radiation is a significant environmental factor that influences cell function and survival, and is a major cause of skin cancer. Melanin, a pigment in the skin, has traditionally been considered the most important photoprotective factor due to its broadband UV absorbency and antioxidant properties. Epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence of skin cancer in individuals with darker skin compared to those with fair skin. However, the relationship between pigmentation and photoprotection is complex. The article outlines the acute and chronic effects of UV radiation on human skin, the properties of melanin, and its regulation and effect on skin cancer prevention. It highlights that while melanin provides significant protection against UV-induced DNA damage and skin cancer, it can also have toxic properties, especially after exposure to UV radiation. The article also discusses the hormonal regulation of pigmentation and the role of melanin in UV exposure and skin cancer. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding melanin's photoprotective properties to develop new approaches for safe modulation of pigmentation and prevention of skin cancer.