The article reviews the recent progress in cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogels, highlighting their structural properties, preparation methods, and applications. These hydrogels are known for their biocompatibility, antibacterial performance, and biodegradability, making them suitable for wound dressing and tissue engineering. The preparation methods include physical and chemical cross-linking, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonding, and chemical reactions like free radical polymerization and esterification. The antibacterial properties of these hydrogels are enhanced by incorporating metal ions, metal oxide nanoparticles, antibiotics, and biological extracts. Key applications include wound dressings, which provide a moist environment for healing and prevent infection, and tissue engineering, where they serve as scaffolds for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Despite challenges in optimizing performance and broadening application ranges, the potential of cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogels is promising, with ongoing research focusing on improving their effectiveness and safety.The article reviews the recent progress in cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogels, highlighting their structural properties, preparation methods, and applications. These hydrogels are known for their biocompatibility, antibacterial performance, and biodegradability, making them suitable for wound dressing and tissue engineering. The preparation methods include physical and chemical cross-linking, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonding, and chemical reactions like free radical polymerization and esterification. The antibacterial properties of these hydrogels are enhanced by incorporating metal ions, metal oxide nanoparticles, antibiotics, and biological extracts. Key applications include wound dressings, which provide a moist environment for healing and prevent infection, and tissue engineering, where they serve as scaffolds for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Despite challenges in optimizing performance and broadening application ranges, the potential of cellulose-based antibacterial hydrogels is promising, with ongoing research focusing on improving their effectiveness and safety.