This meta-analysis of 161 published and unpublished studies examines the relationship between parenting and delinquency. The strongest associations were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency. Effect sizes were moderated by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, and delinquency type, indicating that some parenting behaviors are more important for particular contexts or subsamples. Although both dimensions of warmth and support seem to be important, very few studies focused on parenting styles. Fewer than 20% of the studies focused on parenting behavior of fathers, despite the fact that the effect of poor support by fathers was larger than poor maternal support, particularly for sons. Implications for theory and parenting are discussed. The study examined various parenting dimensions, including parental support, and various types of control, and patterns of parenting behaviors (i.e., parenting styles) in relation to delinquency. It also examined discrete parenting behaviors (such as affection, hostility, monitoring, etc.) to identify which specific child-rearing characteristics are linked to child outcomes. Several meta-analyses have examined the association between parenting and delinquency. These meta-analyses have included family factors as risk factors for delinquency. The present study extends the work of Loeber and Stouthamer-Loeber (1986) by using more advanced meta-analytic techniques including tests of homogeneity of effect sizes and moderator analyses. Studies differ considerably with regard to characteristics of the sample and measurement instruments, and these factors may influence the magnitude of the link between parenting and delinquency. Therefore, our second goal is to identify potential moderators. We consider four main moderators: gender of the child and the parent, delinquency source and type, informant on parenting (parent or child), and short-vs. long-term relationships. Males are more involved in delinquent behavior than females. One of the explanations of the higher level of delinquency in males than in females is that the etiology of delinquency may differ for males and females. Males may be more vulnerable to risk factors for delinquency such as inadequate parenting than females. Studies on sex-differences in the link between family factors and delinquency are scarce and their findings are contradictory. The link between fathers' parenting and mothers' parenting to adolescents' delinquency may differ for several reasons. The longer antisocial fathers live with their families the higher the risk for their children's antisocial behavior. A possible explanation for this finding is that children have the tendency to model the behavior of the parent with the same sex. Another important issue is whether or not parental behavior and parent–child relations have stronger or weaker relations to delinquency over time. Theories on the causes of crime have contradictory hypotheses on this issue. Static theories suggest that the parenting–delinquThis meta-analysis of 161 published and unpublished studies examines the relationship between parenting and delinquency. The strongest associations were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency. Effect sizes were moderated by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, and delinquency type, indicating that some parenting behaviors are more important for particular contexts or subsamples. Although both dimensions of warmth and support seem to be important, very few studies focused on parenting styles. Fewer than 20% of the studies focused on parenting behavior of fathers, despite the fact that the effect of poor support by fathers was larger than poor maternal support, particularly for sons. Implications for theory and parenting are discussed. The study examined various parenting dimensions, including parental support, and various types of control, and patterns of parenting behaviors (i.e., parenting styles) in relation to delinquency. It also examined discrete parenting behaviors (such as affection, hostility, monitoring, etc.) to identify which specific child-rearing characteristics are linked to child outcomes. Several meta-analyses have examined the association between parenting and delinquency. These meta-analyses have included family factors as risk factors for delinquency. The present study extends the work of Loeber and Stouthamer-Loeber (1986) by using more advanced meta-analytic techniques including tests of homogeneity of effect sizes and moderator analyses. Studies differ considerably with regard to characteristics of the sample and measurement instruments, and these factors may influence the magnitude of the link between parenting and delinquency. Therefore, our second goal is to identify potential moderators. We consider four main moderators: gender of the child and the parent, delinquency source and type, informant on parenting (parent or child), and short-vs. long-term relationships. Males are more involved in delinquent behavior than females. One of the explanations of the higher level of delinquency in males than in females is that the etiology of delinquency may differ for males and females. Males may be more vulnerable to risk factors for delinquency such as inadequate parenting than females. Studies on sex-differences in the link between family factors and delinquency are scarce and their findings are contradictory. The link between fathers' parenting and mothers' parenting to adolescents' delinquency may differ for several reasons. The longer antisocial fathers live with their families the higher the risk for their children's antisocial behavior. A possible explanation for this finding is that children have the tendency to model the behavior of the parent with the same sex. Another important issue is whether or not parental behavior and parent–child relations have stronger or weaker relations to delinquency over time. Theories on the causes of crime have contradictory hypotheses on this issue. Static theories suggest that the parenting–delinqu