This review explores the risk factors for adolescents' mental health, focusing on individual traits, family environment, and social relationships. Mental health issues in adolescents, such as depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders, significantly impact their emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning. These issues also contribute to long-term vulnerability, affecting well-being in adulthood. The study highlights the importance of understanding the etiology of mental disorders to inform prevention and intervention strategies in family and school settings. Individual characteristics, such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and perfectionism, are closely linked to mental health outcomes. Low self-esteem and self-efficacy are associated with increased depression and anxiety, while maladaptive perfectionism can lead to self-criticism and mental health problems. Family environment and parenting styles also play a crucial role. Adverse childhood experiences, such as domestic violence and abuse, increase the risk of mental health issues. Parental socioeconomic status, mental health, and parenting styles are strongly associated with children's mental health. Authoritarian parenting styles, in particular, are linked to higher levels of internalizing disorders, while permissive parenting may lead to poor self-regulation and social skills. Social relationships, including peer relationships and school climate, significantly influence adolescents' mental health. Peer rejection and bullying are major risk factors for psychological distress, while a supportive school climate is associated with better mental health outcomes. The study emphasizes the interconnectedness of individual, family, and social factors in the development of mental health problems. It also highlights the need for future research to explore the interactions between these factors and to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies. The review concludes that addressing these multifaceted risk factors is essential for promoting the mental well-being of adolescents.This review explores the risk factors for adolescents' mental health, focusing on individual traits, family environment, and social relationships. Mental health issues in adolescents, such as depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders, significantly impact their emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning. These issues also contribute to long-term vulnerability, affecting well-being in adulthood. The study highlights the importance of understanding the etiology of mental disorders to inform prevention and intervention strategies in family and school settings. Individual characteristics, such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and perfectionism, are closely linked to mental health outcomes. Low self-esteem and self-efficacy are associated with increased depression and anxiety, while maladaptive perfectionism can lead to self-criticism and mental health problems. Family environment and parenting styles also play a crucial role. Adverse childhood experiences, such as domestic violence and abuse, increase the risk of mental health issues. Parental socioeconomic status, mental health, and parenting styles are strongly associated with children's mental health. Authoritarian parenting styles, in particular, are linked to higher levels of internalizing disorders, while permissive parenting may lead to poor self-regulation and social skills. Social relationships, including peer relationships and school climate, significantly influence adolescents' mental health. Peer rejection and bullying are major risk factors for psychological distress, while a supportive school climate is associated with better mental health outcomes. The study emphasizes the interconnectedness of individual, family, and social factors in the development of mental health problems. It also highlights the need for future research to explore the interactions between these factors and to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies. The review concludes that addressing these multifaceted risk factors is essential for promoting the mental well-being of adolescents.