The article "The Research on Risk Factors for Adolescents’ Mental Health" by Jiayu Lin and Wuyuan Guo explores the multifaceted risk factors contributing to mental health issues among adolescents. The study identifies three layers of risk factors: individual traits and personality, family status and practices, and peer relationships and school climate. Each layer is interconnected, directly or indirectly influencing adolescent psychopathology. Key findings include: 1. **Individual Characteristics**: Factors such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and perfectionism are crucial. Low self-esteem and self-efficacy are linked to higher levels of depression and anxiety, while maladaptive perfectionism can trigger mental health issues. 2. **Family Environment**: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), parental socioeconomic status, parenting styles, and family cohesion are significant. Authoritarian and neglectful parenting, along with adverse childhood experiences, increase the risk of mental disorders. Positive parenting and cohesive family connections promote better mental health. 3. **Social Relationships**: Peer relationships and school climate play a vital role. Poor peer relationships and bullying are associated with increased psychological distress and mental health issues. A supportive school climate, characterized by safety, connectedness, and positive relationships, is protective against mental disorders. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive interventions that address these risk factors at all levels to improve adolescent mental health. Future research should focus on mediation and moderation analyses, explore the impact of social media use, and investigate gender differences in mental health outcomes.The article "The Research on Risk Factors for Adolescents’ Mental Health" by Jiayu Lin and Wuyuan Guo explores the multifaceted risk factors contributing to mental health issues among adolescents. The study identifies three layers of risk factors: individual traits and personality, family status and practices, and peer relationships and school climate. Each layer is interconnected, directly or indirectly influencing adolescent psychopathology. Key findings include: 1. **Individual Characteristics**: Factors such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and perfectionism are crucial. Low self-esteem and self-efficacy are linked to higher levels of depression and anxiety, while maladaptive perfectionism can trigger mental health issues. 2. **Family Environment**: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), parental socioeconomic status, parenting styles, and family cohesion are significant. Authoritarian and neglectful parenting, along with adverse childhood experiences, increase the risk of mental disorders. Positive parenting and cohesive family connections promote better mental health. 3. **Social Relationships**: Peer relationships and school climate play a vital role. Poor peer relationships and bullying are associated with increased psychological distress and mental health issues. A supportive school climate, characterized by safety, connectedness, and positive relationships, is protective against mental disorders. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive interventions that address these risk factors at all levels to improve adolescent mental health. Future research should focus on mediation and moderation analyses, explore the impact of social media use, and investigate gender differences in mental health outcomes.