This study investigates the role of carbon (C) doping in enhancing the wear resistance of CoCrFeNiTi₀.₅ high-entropy alloy (HEA) layers. The results show that C doping increases the microhardness and wear resistance of the alloy layers. The microstructure of the alloy layers consists of a BCC solid solution (Fe-Cr-based), a Ti-rich phase, and TiC. As the C content increases, the lattice constant and distortion of the BCC solid solution increase, leading to Ti segregation and the formation of TiC. The microstructure of the alloy layers exhibits a gradient change from equiaxed crystals to dendritic and columnar crystals. Higher C content leads to denser TiC between grains, refining the microstructure, and increasing microhardness while decreasing the frictional coefficient, friction track depth, and wear rate. The nucleation, growth, and precipitation behavior of the second phase (TiC) in the alloy layers are systematically studied. The strengthening mechanism of the alloy layers is focused on precipitation and fine grain. The friction behavior, damage mechanism, and wear-resistant mechanism of the alloy layers under different friction parameters are clearly revealed. The study aims to synthesize in situ TiC to strengthen the CoCrFeNiTi₀.₅ HEA layer, achieving high microhardness and good wear resistance. The nucleation, growth, and precipitation behavior of TiC in the alloy layer are studied, and the friction behavior and damage mechanism of the TiC-reinforced alloy layer are analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the wear-resistant application of HEA layers in engineering. The experimental materials and laser cladding process are described, including the preparation of CoCrFeNiTi₀.₅Cₓ mixed powders and the laser cladding of the alloy layers on AISI 1045 steel substrates. The microstructure characterization, including optical microscopy, XRD, FESEM, and EDS, is performed to analyze the microstructure and phase composition of the alloy layers. The microhardness and friction-wear tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the alloy layers. The results show that the alloy layers with higher C content have better wear resistance and microhardness. The study provides insights into the role of C doping in enhancing the wear resistance of HEA layers.This study investigates the role of carbon (C) doping in enhancing the wear resistance of CoCrFeNiTi₀.₅ high-entropy alloy (HEA) layers. The results show that C doping increases the microhardness and wear resistance of the alloy layers. The microstructure of the alloy layers consists of a BCC solid solution (Fe-Cr-based), a Ti-rich phase, and TiC. As the C content increases, the lattice constant and distortion of the BCC solid solution increase, leading to Ti segregation and the formation of TiC. The microstructure of the alloy layers exhibits a gradient change from equiaxed crystals to dendritic and columnar crystals. Higher C content leads to denser TiC between grains, refining the microstructure, and increasing microhardness while decreasing the frictional coefficient, friction track depth, and wear rate. The nucleation, growth, and precipitation behavior of the second phase (TiC) in the alloy layers are systematically studied. The strengthening mechanism of the alloy layers is focused on precipitation and fine grain. The friction behavior, damage mechanism, and wear-resistant mechanism of the alloy layers under different friction parameters are clearly revealed. The study aims to synthesize in situ TiC to strengthen the CoCrFeNiTi₀.₅ HEA layer, achieving high microhardness and good wear resistance. The nucleation, growth, and precipitation behavior of TiC in the alloy layer are studied, and the friction behavior and damage mechanism of the TiC-reinforced alloy layer are analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the wear-resistant application of HEA layers in engineering. The experimental materials and laser cladding process are described, including the preparation of CoCrFeNiTi₀.₅Cₓ mixed powders and the laser cladding of the alloy layers on AISI 1045 steel substrates. The microstructure characterization, including optical microscopy, XRD, FESEM, and EDS, is performed to analyze the microstructure and phase composition of the alloy layers. The microhardness and friction-wear tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the alloy layers. The results show that the alloy layers with higher C content have better wear resistance and microhardness. The study provides insights into the role of C doping in enhancing the wear resistance of HEA layers.