Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in AD pathology, influencing Aβ aggregation, tau protein development, and neuroinflammation. Recent studies have explored the gut-brain axis (GBA) and its potential as a therapeutic target for AD. The gut microbiota's diversity and composition are altered in AD patients, with specific microbial species associated with AD biomarkers. Dietary factors, such as protein, fiber, and fat, can influence gut microbiota composition and, consequently, AD-related pathology. Probiotics and prebiotics have shown promise in modulating gut microbiota and potentially improving cognitive function in AD. The Mediterranean, DASH, MIND, and ketogenic diets are associated with neuroprotective properties and may reduce AD risk. However, the complex interactions between gut microbiota, diet, and AD pathology require further research to fully understand their roles and develop effective therapeutic strategies.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in AD pathology, influencing Aβ aggregation, tau protein development, and neuroinflammation. Recent studies have explored the gut-brain axis (GBA) and its potential as a therapeutic target for AD. The gut microbiota's diversity and composition are altered in AD patients, with specific microbial species associated with AD biomarkers. Dietary factors, such as protein, fiber, and fat, can influence gut microbiota composition and, consequently, AD-related pathology. Probiotics and prebiotics have shown promise in modulating gut microbiota and potentially improving cognitive function in AD. The Mediterranean, DASH, MIND, and ketogenic diets are associated with neuroprotective properties and may reduce AD risk. However, the complex interactions between gut microbiota, diet, and AD pathology require further research to fully understand their roles and develop effective therapeutic strategies.