The infant gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the human organism and is significantly influenced by dietary practices. Maternal diet during pregnancy and infant nutrition, particularly breastfeeding, have a profound impact on the infant gut microbiota. Breastfeeding fosters the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. The timing of introducing solid foods also influences gut microbiota composition. Preterm infants' gut microbiota development is influenced by multiple factors, including the time since birth and the intake of breast milk. Probiotics and prebiotics supplementation show promising results in reducing morbidity and mortality in this population. The review highlights the need for future research to understand the long-term health impacts of these interventions and to develop strategies to enrich the gut microbiome of formula-fed and preterm infants. The article also discusses the role of specific nutrients, dietary patterns, feeding practices, and nutritional interventions in shaping the infant gut microbiome, emphasizing the importance of early-life dietary habits in influencing the initial formation of the gut microbiota.The infant gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the human organism and is significantly influenced by dietary practices. Maternal diet during pregnancy and infant nutrition, particularly breastfeeding, have a profound impact on the infant gut microbiota. Breastfeeding fosters the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. The timing of introducing solid foods also influences gut microbiota composition. Preterm infants' gut microbiota development is influenced by multiple factors, including the time since birth and the intake of breast milk. Probiotics and prebiotics supplementation show promising results in reducing morbidity and mortality in this population. The review highlights the need for future research to understand the long-term health impacts of these interventions and to develop strategies to enrich the gut microbiome of formula-fed and preterm infants. The article also discusses the role of specific nutrients, dietary patterns, feeding practices, and nutritional interventions in shaping the infant gut microbiome, emphasizing the importance of early-life dietary habits in influencing the initial formation of the gut microbiota.