The article discusses the role of inflammation in diabetes, particularly in type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D). It highlights the clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), emphasizing the need for therapeutic approaches that target both conditions. The article reviews the pathophysiology of diabetes, focusing on the involvement of obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota, and pancreatic beta cell function. It also explores the emerging role of inflammation in the development and progression of both T1D and T2D, and its potential as a therapeutic target. The article reviews clinical trials and studies on anti-inflammatory treatments for diabetes, including monoclonal antibodies, cytokine antagonists, and biological agents. It concludes by discussing future perspectives for treating diabetes, emphasizing the importance of targeting multiple inflammatory pathways simultaneously.The article discusses the role of inflammation in diabetes, particularly in type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D). It highlights the clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), emphasizing the need for therapeutic approaches that target both conditions. The article reviews the pathophysiology of diabetes, focusing on the involvement of obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota, and pancreatic beta cell function. It also explores the emerging role of inflammation in the development and progression of both T1D and T2D, and its potential as a therapeutic target. The article reviews clinical trials and studies on anti-inflammatory treatments for diabetes, including monoclonal antibodies, cytokine antagonists, and biological agents. It concludes by discussing future perspectives for treating diabetes, emphasizing the importance of targeting multiple inflammatory pathways simultaneously.