Stem cells are crucial for regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and their immunomodulatory properties. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathies, and heart failure, are leading causes of death. Current treatments for CVDs are limited in their regenerative capacity, prompting research into stem cell therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown promise in improving cardiac function, reducing fibrosis, and decreasing infarct size. MSCs, derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other sources, exhibit anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. iPSCs, reprogrammed from somatic cells, can differentiate into cardiomyocytes and have potential for cardiac regeneration. Studies indicate that MSCs can modulate macrophage polarization, reduce inflammation, and enhance endothelial function. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes improve cardiac function and reduce fibrosis. However, challenges remain in ensuring the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapies, including the risk of tumorigenesis and the need for improved engraftment. Clinical trials have shown mixed results, with some demonstrating improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduced infarct size. Further research is needed to optimize stem cell therapies for CVDs, focusing on enhancing their regenerative potential and minimizing adverse effects.Stem cells are crucial for regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and their immunomodulatory properties. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathies, and heart failure, are leading causes of death. Current treatments for CVDs are limited in their regenerative capacity, prompting research into stem cell therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown promise in improving cardiac function, reducing fibrosis, and decreasing infarct size. MSCs, derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other sources, exhibit anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. iPSCs, reprogrammed from somatic cells, can differentiate into cardiomyocytes and have potential for cardiac regeneration. Studies indicate that MSCs can modulate macrophage polarization, reduce inflammation, and enhance endothelial function. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes improve cardiac function and reduce fibrosis. However, challenges remain in ensuring the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapies, including the risk of tumorigenesis and the need for improved engraftment. Clinical trials have shown mixed results, with some demonstrating improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduced infarct size. Further research is needed to optimize stem cell therapies for CVDs, focusing on enhancing their regenerative potential and minimizing adverse effects.