The dorsal striatum plays a crucial role in decision-making and action selection by integrating sensorimotor, cognitive, and motivational information through specific corticostriatal circuits. Recent studies in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans show that the dorsal striatum is involved in both goal-directed and habitual behaviors. Goal-directed actions rely on flexible, outcome-based learning, mediated by the dorsomedial striatum and associated cortical regions, while habitual actions are mediated by the dorsolateral striatum and sensorimotor cortices. These processes involve distinct learning rules and plasticity mechanisms. Damage to these circuits is linked to various psychopathologies, including Huntington's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson's disease. In rodents, the dorsal striatum is critical for learning and decision-making. Lesions in the prefrontal cortex impair goal-directed learning, while lesions in the dorsolateral striatum disrupt habitual behaviors. The dorsomedial striatum is involved in encoding action-outcome relationships, while the dorsolateral striatum is involved in sensorimotor associations. In nonhuman primates, the dorsal striatum is involved in reward-related learning, with neurons showing activity related to reward expectation and outcome prediction. Dopamine plays a key role in modulating striatal plasticity, influencing learning and decision-making. In humans, the dorsal striatum is involved in action-contingent learning, with the putamen and caudate nucleus playing distinct roles. The caudate nucleus is involved in coding reward-prediction errors, while the putamen is involved in stimulus-action coding. Neuroimaging studies show that the dorsal striatum is involved in decision-making, particularly in encoding action-outcome associations and selecting actions based on expected reward value. The dorsal striatum also plays a role in social decision-making, with activity related to cooperation and revenge. Overall, the dorsal striatum is integral to decision-making, particularly in encoding action-outcome relationships and selecting actions based on expected reward. Future research should explore the role of the dorsal striatum in complex social behaviors and the mechanisms underlying learning and decision-making.The dorsal striatum plays a crucial role in decision-making and action selection by integrating sensorimotor, cognitive, and motivational information through specific corticostriatal circuits. Recent studies in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans show that the dorsal striatum is involved in both goal-directed and habitual behaviors. Goal-directed actions rely on flexible, outcome-based learning, mediated by the dorsomedial striatum and associated cortical regions, while habitual actions are mediated by the dorsolateral striatum and sensorimotor cortices. These processes involve distinct learning rules and plasticity mechanisms. Damage to these circuits is linked to various psychopathologies, including Huntington's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson's disease. In rodents, the dorsal striatum is critical for learning and decision-making. Lesions in the prefrontal cortex impair goal-directed learning, while lesions in the dorsolateral striatum disrupt habitual behaviors. The dorsomedial striatum is involved in encoding action-outcome relationships, while the dorsolateral striatum is involved in sensorimotor associations. In nonhuman primates, the dorsal striatum is involved in reward-related learning, with neurons showing activity related to reward expectation and outcome prediction. Dopamine plays a key role in modulating striatal plasticity, influencing learning and decision-making. In humans, the dorsal striatum is involved in action-contingent learning, with the putamen and caudate nucleus playing distinct roles. The caudate nucleus is involved in coding reward-prediction errors, while the putamen is involved in stimulus-action coding. Neuroimaging studies show that the dorsal striatum is involved in decision-making, particularly in encoding action-outcome associations and selecting actions based on expected reward value. The dorsal striatum also plays a role in social decision-making, with activity related to cooperation and revenge. Overall, the dorsal striatum is integral to decision-making, particularly in encoding action-outcome relationships and selecting actions based on expected reward. Future research should explore the role of the dorsal striatum in complex social behaviors and the mechanisms underlying learning and decision-making.