This article reviews the literature on the associations between components of the family context and children and adolescents' emotion regulation (ER). The review is organized around a tripartite model of familial influence: observational learning, parenting practices related to emotion management, and the emotional climate of the family. The review highlights how child characteristics such as negative emotionality and gender affect ER, how socialization practices change from childhood to adolescence, and how parent characteristics like mental health influence ER. The authors argue that the family context affects ER through three main processes: observation, parenting practices, and the emotional climate of the family. They also discuss the bidirectional influence between children's ER and the family context, emphasizing the role of early socialization practices in setting the foundation for later development. The review concludes with suggestions for future research, focusing on the impact of cultural factors and the role of peers, school, and neighborhood in ER.This article reviews the literature on the associations between components of the family context and children and adolescents' emotion regulation (ER). The review is organized around a tripartite model of familial influence: observational learning, parenting practices related to emotion management, and the emotional climate of the family. The review highlights how child characteristics such as negative emotionality and gender affect ER, how socialization practices change from childhood to adolescence, and how parent characteristics like mental health influence ER. The authors argue that the family context affects ER through three main processes: observation, parenting practices, and the emotional climate of the family. They also discuss the bidirectional influence between children's ER and the family context, emphasizing the role of early socialization practices in setting the foundation for later development. The review concludes with suggestions for future research, focusing on the impact of cultural factors and the role of peers, school, and neighborhood in ER.