The article "The Role of Medial Frontal Cortex in Cognitive Control" by Ridderinkhof, Ullsperger, and Nieuwenhuis (2004) reviews the role of the medial frontal cortex (pMFC) in cognitive control, particularly in performance monitoring and adjustment. The pMFC is activated in response to unfavorable outcomes, response errors, response conflicts, and decision uncertainty. These conditions signal the need for increased cognitive control. The pMFC's activity is linked to subsequent adjustments in performance, such as shifts in speed/accuracy trade-offs and improvements in information processing efficiency. The pMFC and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) are hypothesized to interact, with the pMFC signaling the need for control adjustments to the LPFC, which then implements these adjustments. The article also discusses the pMFC's role in reward-based association learning and its potential connections with subcortical structures. The findings suggest that the pMFC plays a crucial role in adaptive goal-directed behavior by monitoring and adjusting performance based on feedback and errors.The article "The Role of Medial Frontal Cortex in Cognitive Control" by Ridderinkhof, Ullsperger, and Nieuwenhuis (2004) reviews the role of the medial frontal cortex (pMFC) in cognitive control, particularly in performance monitoring and adjustment. The pMFC is activated in response to unfavorable outcomes, response errors, response conflicts, and decision uncertainty. These conditions signal the need for increased cognitive control. The pMFC's activity is linked to subsequent adjustments in performance, such as shifts in speed/accuracy trade-offs and improvements in information processing efficiency. The pMFC and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) are hypothesized to interact, with the pMFC signaling the need for control adjustments to the LPFC, which then implements these adjustments. The article also discusses the pMFC's role in reward-based association learning and its potential connections with subcortical structures. The findings suggest that the pMFC plays a crucial role in adaptive goal-directed behavior by monitoring and adjusting performance based on feedback and errors.