The Simons Genome Diversity Project (SGDP) provides high-quality genomes from 300 individuals across 142 diverse populations, revealing key features of human genetic variation. The dataset includes 5.8 million base pairs not present in the human reference genome. Analysis shows an accelerated mutation rate in non-Africans compared to Africans since divergence. Indigenous populations such as Australians, New Guineans, and Andamanese have ancestry consistent with a common source, not an early dispersal of modern humans. The study highlights the incompleteness of current human variation catalogs, with 11% of heterozygous positions in the KhoeSan and 5% in New Guineans and Australians not identified by the 1000 Genomes Project. The SGDP dataset also reveals that non-Africans have a higher mutation accumulation rate than Africans, with a 5% increase since divergence. The study further shows that the majority of modern human ancestry in non-Africans comes from a single lineage, not an early dispersal. The data also indicate that the genetic diversity of non-Africans is lower than that of Africans, with a reduced X-to-autosome heterozygosity ratio in non-Africans. The study finds no evidence of species-wide selective sweeps since the origin of anatomically modern humans, suggesting that changes in lifestyle and cultural innovation, rather than genetic mutations, drove the rapid developments in human behavior after 50,000 years ago. The SGDP dataset provides a comprehensive view of human genetic diversity, including the time course of population separation and the genetic history of modern humans. The study also shows that the genetic diversity of non-Africans is lower than that of Africans, with a reduced X-to-autosome heterozygosity ratio in non-Africans. The data suggest that the mutation accumulation rate has increased in non-Africans since divergence, with a 5% increase. The study also finds no evidence of species-wide selective sweeps since the origin of anatomically modern humans, suggesting that changes in lifestyle and cultural innovation, rather than genetic mutations, drove the rapid developments in human behavior after 50,000 years ago. The SGDP dataset provides a comprehensive view of human genetic diversity, including the time course of population separation and the genetic history of modern humans.The Simons Genome Diversity Project (SGDP) provides high-quality genomes from 300 individuals across 142 diverse populations, revealing key features of human genetic variation. The dataset includes 5.8 million base pairs not present in the human reference genome. Analysis shows an accelerated mutation rate in non-Africans compared to Africans since divergence. Indigenous populations such as Australians, New Guineans, and Andamanese have ancestry consistent with a common source, not an early dispersal of modern humans. The study highlights the incompleteness of current human variation catalogs, with 11% of heterozygous positions in the KhoeSan and 5% in New Guineans and Australians not identified by the 1000 Genomes Project. The SGDP dataset also reveals that non-Africans have a higher mutation accumulation rate than Africans, with a 5% increase since divergence. The study further shows that the majority of modern human ancestry in non-Africans comes from a single lineage, not an early dispersal. The data also indicate that the genetic diversity of non-Africans is lower than that of Africans, with a reduced X-to-autosome heterozygosity ratio in non-Africans. The study finds no evidence of species-wide selective sweeps since the origin of anatomically modern humans, suggesting that changes in lifestyle and cultural innovation, rather than genetic mutations, drove the rapid developments in human behavior after 50,000 years ago. The SGDP dataset provides a comprehensive view of human genetic diversity, including the time course of population separation and the genetic history of modern humans. The study also shows that the genetic diversity of non-Africans is lower than that of Africans, with a reduced X-to-autosome heterozygosity ratio in non-Africans. The data suggest that the mutation accumulation rate has increased in non-Africans since divergence, with a 5% increase. The study also finds no evidence of species-wide selective sweeps since the origin of anatomically modern humans, suggesting that changes in lifestyle and cultural innovation, rather than genetic mutations, drove the rapid developments in human behavior after 50,000 years ago. The SGDP dataset provides a comprehensive view of human genetic diversity, including the time course of population separation and the genetic history of modern humans.