String theory offers a unique framework for incorporating gauge and gravitational interactions into a four-dimensional theory that unifies quantum mechanics and gravity. By compactifying extra dimensions, string theory naturally leads to a theory that matches the Standard Model of Particle Physics. The gauge sector is determined by the topology and geometry of the extra dimensions, and the challenge is to reproduce all features of the Standard Model from these. This review discusses recent developments in string compactifications that reproduce the Standard Model, highlighting novel scenarios and mechanisms that address Standard Model puzzles. It also explores the most frequent signatures of new physics that could be detected in future experiments. Recent developments connect the Standard Model with Quantum Gravity, potentially changing our understanding of naturalness. String theory provides insights into gauge coupling unification, hierarchy generation, and the neutrino sector, offering a rich framework for understanding particle physics beyond the Standard Model. The review emphasizes the importance of string theory in addressing fundamental questions in particle physics and cosmology, such as the hierarchy problem and the smallness of the cosmological constant. It also discusses the role of string theory in explaining the observed chiral spectrum and Yukawa couplings, as well as the implications of stringy naturalness for particle physics. The review concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned from string theory in the context of particle physics and cosmology.String theory offers a unique framework for incorporating gauge and gravitational interactions into a four-dimensional theory that unifies quantum mechanics and gravity. By compactifying extra dimensions, string theory naturally leads to a theory that matches the Standard Model of Particle Physics. The gauge sector is determined by the topology and geometry of the extra dimensions, and the challenge is to reproduce all features of the Standard Model from these. This review discusses recent developments in string compactifications that reproduce the Standard Model, highlighting novel scenarios and mechanisms that address Standard Model puzzles. It also explores the most frequent signatures of new physics that could be detected in future experiments. Recent developments connect the Standard Model with Quantum Gravity, potentially changing our understanding of naturalness. String theory provides insights into gauge coupling unification, hierarchy generation, and the neutrino sector, offering a rich framework for understanding particle physics beyond the Standard Model. The review emphasizes the importance of string theory in addressing fundamental questions in particle physics and cosmology, such as the hierarchy problem and the smallness of the cosmological constant. It also discusses the role of string theory in explaining the observed chiral spectrum and Yukawa couplings, as well as the implications of stringy naturalness for particle physics. The review concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned from string theory in the context of particle physics and cosmology.