The paper by Nima Arkani-Hamed, Luboš Motl, Alberto Nicolis, and Cumrun Vafa explores a conjecture about the strength of gravity relative to gauge forces in quantum gravity. They argue that in a four-dimensional theory with gravity and a $U(1)$ gauge field, there exists a new ultraviolet scale $\Lambda = gM_{\text{Pl}}$, which sets a cutoff on the validity of the effective theory. This scale is invisible to low-energy effective field theorists but implies the existence of light charged particles with masses smaller than or equal to $\Lambda$. The conjecture is motivated by arguments involving holography, the absence of remnants, the stability of black holes, and the non-existence of global symmetries in string theory. The authors support this conjecture with examples from string theory and discuss its implications, including the presence of new physics below the Planck scale and the challenges faced by certain inflationary models. They also explore the connection between their conjecture and subluminal positivity constraints, suggesting that the leading corrections to extremal black hole masses should decrease the mass. The paper concludes by discussing the experimental implications of their findings and the broader implications for the landscape and swampland of consistent theories of quantum gravity.The paper by Nima Arkani-Hamed, Luboš Motl, Alberto Nicolis, and Cumrun Vafa explores a conjecture about the strength of gravity relative to gauge forces in quantum gravity. They argue that in a four-dimensional theory with gravity and a $U(1)$ gauge field, there exists a new ultraviolet scale $\Lambda = gM_{\text{Pl}}$, which sets a cutoff on the validity of the effective theory. This scale is invisible to low-energy effective field theorists but implies the existence of light charged particles with masses smaller than or equal to $\Lambda$. The conjecture is motivated by arguments involving holography, the absence of remnants, the stability of black holes, and the non-existence of global symmetries in string theory. The authors support this conjecture with examples from string theory and discuss its implications, including the presence of new physics below the Planck scale and the challenges faced by certain inflationary models. They also explore the connection between their conjecture and subluminal positivity constraints, suggesting that the leading corrections to extremal black hole masses should decrease the mass. The paper concludes by discussing the experimental implications of their findings and the broader implications for the landscape and swampland of consistent theories of quantum gravity.