The paper reviews the structural and functional roles of microalgal chlorophylls, commonly used extraction methods, and recent advances in their medicinal applications. Chlorophylls, the main pigments of photosynthesis, have been widely studied for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. The biological activity of chlorophyll is closely related to its chemical structure, which offers potential for medicinal applications. Microalgae are natural producers of bioactive pigments, and their production of chlorophyll is a sustainable and economical strategy to meet growing demand. The paper discusses the challenges in microalgal bioproduction and the need for enhanced recovery technologies. It highlights the potential of microalgal chlorophylls in various applications, including health, medicine, and industry. The review also covers the extraction methods for chlorophylls, such as solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and high-voltage pulsed electric field methods, and their advantages and limitations. Additionally, the paper explores the medicinal effects of chlorophylls, including their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, and their potential in photodynamic therapy. The authors conclude by emphasizing the need for further research to confirm and demonstrate the effectiveness of these medicinal applications, which could lead to broader commercial growth in the market.The paper reviews the structural and functional roles of microalgal chlorophylls, commonly used extraction methods, and recent advances in their medicinal applications. Chlorophylls, the main pigments of photosynthesis, have been widely studied for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. The biological activity of chlorophyll is closely related to its chemical structure, which offers potential for medicinal applications. Microalgae are natural producers of bioactive pigments, and their production of chlorophyll is a sustainable and economical strategy to meet growing demand. The paper discusses the challenges in microalgal bioproduction and the need for enhanced recovery technologies. It highlights the potential of microalgal chlorophylls in various applications, including health, medicine, and industry. The review also covers the extraction methods for chlorophylls, such as solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and high-voltage pulsed electric field methods, and their advantages and limitations. Additionally, the paper explores the medicinal effects of chlorophylls, including their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, and their potential in photodynamic therapy. The authors conclude by emphasizing the need for further research to confirm and demonstrate the effectiveness of these medicinal applications, which could lead to broader commercial growth in the market.