The review presents a list of the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology, based on a survey of 495 votes from the international community. The top 10 pathogens, in order, are: 1) Magnaporthe oryzae (rice blast), 2) Botrytis cinerea (grey mould), 3) Puccinia spp. (wheat rust), 4) Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium head blight), 5) Fusarium oxysporum (vascular wilt), 6) Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew), 7) Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici blotch), 8) Colletotrichum spp. (anthracnose), 9) Ustilago maydis (corn smut), and 10) Melampsora lini (barley rust). Honourable mentions are given to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soybean rust) and Rhizoctonia solani (root rot). The review provides a brief overview of each of the top 10 pathogens, highlighting their scientific and economic importance. It aims to initiate discussion and debate within the plant mycology community and to establish a benchmark for future assessments. The review also notes that perceptions of importance may change over time, and future surveys may include new pathogens that have become more significant. Magnaporthe oryzae is a filamentous ascomycete that causes rice blast disease, a major threat to global rice production. It is a model organism for studying plant-pathogen interactions due to its genetic tractability. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that infects a wide range of plants, causing significant economic losses. It is also beneficial in some aspects of wine production. Puccinia spp. are rust fungi that infect wheat, with Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (stem rust) being a major threat to wheat production. Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight, leading to grain contamination with mycotoxins. Fusarium oxysporum causes vascular wilt in a wide range of plants and is an emerging human pathogen. Blumeria graminis causes powdery mildew on grasses, including wheat and barley. Mycosphaerella graminicola causes Septoria tritici blotch, a major economic constraint on wheat. Colletotrichum spp. cause anthracnose and post-harvest rots in a wide range of crops. Ustilago maydis causes corn smut, which is not economically significant but is a model organism for studying biotrophic pathogens. Melampsora lini causes barley rust, which is a significant threat to barley production.The review presents a list of the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology, based on a survey of 495 votes from the international community. The top 10 pathogens, in order, are: 1) Magnaporthe oryzae (rice blast), 2) Botrytis cinerea (grey mould), 3) Puccinia spp. (wheat rust), 4) Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium head blight), 5) Fusarium oxysporum (vascular wilt), 6) Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew), 7) Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici blotch), 8) Colletotrichum spp. (anthracnose), 9) Ustilago maydis (corn smut), and 10) Melampsora lini (barley rust). Honourable mentions are given to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soybean rust) and Rhizoctonia solani (root rot). The review provides a brief overview of each of the top 10 pathogens, highlighting their scientific and economic importance. It aims to initiate discussion and debate within the plant mycology community and to establish a benchmark for future assessments. The review also notes that perceptions of importance may change over time, and future surveys may include new pathogens that have become more significant. Magnaporthe oryzae is a filamentous ascomycete that causes rice blast disease, a major threat to global rice production. It is a model organism for studying plant-pathogen interactions due to its genetic tractability. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that infects a wide range of plants, causing significant economic losses. It is also beneficial in some aspects of wine production. Puccinia spp. are rust fungi that infect wheat, with Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (stem rust) being a major threat to wheat production. Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight, leading to grain contamination with mycotoxins. Fusarium oxysporum causes vascular wilt in a wide range of plants and is an emerging human pathogen. Blumeria graminis causes powdery mildew on grasses, including wheat and barley. Mycosphaerella graminicola causes Septoria tritici blotch, a major economic constraint on wheat. Colletotrichum spp. cause anthracnose and post-harvest rots in a wide range of crops. Ustilago maydis causes corn smut, which is not economically significant but is a model organism for studying biotrophic pathogens. Melampsora lini causes barley rust, which is a significant threat to barley production.