The article reviews the relationship between natural products, traditional medicines, and modern medicine, exploring the potential of natural products and traditional medicines in drug discovery. It highlights the unique characteristics of eight traditional medicine systems, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, Kampo, Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), and Unani. Despite the limited scientific research on plant species, natural products and traditional medicines have made significant contributions to modern medicine. The article discusses the advantages of using natural products and traditional medicines in drug development, such as abundant clinical experience and diverse chemical structures. It also emphasizes the importance of combining modern scientific techniques with traditional knowledge to enhance drug efficacy and reduce adverse effects. The discovery of artemisinin from TCM and the development of Taxol from natural products are highlighted as successful examples of drug discovery from traditional medicines. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and collaboration to fully leverage the potential of natural products and traditional medicines in modern drug development.The article reviews the relationship between natural products, traditional medicines, and modern medicine, exploring the potential of natural products and traditional medicines in drug discovery. It highlights the unique characteristics of eight traditional medicine systems, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, Kampo, Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), and Unani. Despite the limited scientific research on plant species, natural products and traditional medicines have made significant contributions to modern medicine. The article discusses the advantages of using natural products and traditional medicines in drug development, such as abundant clinical experience and diverse chemical structures. It also emphasizes the importance of combining modern scientific techniques with traditional knowledge to enhance drug efficacy and reduce adverse effects. The discovery of artemisinin from TCM and the development of Taxol from natural products are highlighted as successful examples of drug discovery from traditional medicines. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and collaboration to fully leverage the potential of natural products and traditional medicines in modern drug development.