The book *The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding* by Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela is a groundbreaking work that aims to revolutionize the philosophy of science by exploring the deep connections between living systems and human understanding. The authors propose a new perspective on cognition, viewing it not as a representation of the external world but as an ongoing process of bringing forth a world through living itself. The book delves into the fundamental nature of life, evolution, and cognition, using examples such as the case of two Bengali girls who lived with wolves and the story of Victor de l'Aveyron, a wild child. It discusses the concept of "autopoiesis" and emphasizes the importance of adaptation and reproduction in living systems. The authors also apply their insights to social sciences, advocating for a "knowledge of knowledge" and a pedagogical approach that encourages critical thinking and alternative reasoning. Despite its simplicity, the book offers profound contributions to understanding the construction of knowledge and the nature of systems, making it valuable for students in science education, advanced academics in education, and researchers in philosophy of science, logic, epistemology, and life sciences.The book *The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding* by Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela is a groundbreaking work that aims to revolutionize the philosophy of science by exploring the deep connections between living systems and human understanding. The authors propose a new perspective on cognition, viewing it not as a representation of the external world but as an ongoing process of bringing forth a world through living itself. The book delves into the fundamental nature of life, evolution, and cognition, using examples such as the case of two Bengali girls who lived with wolves and the story of Victor de l'Aveyron, a wild child. It discusses the concept of "autopoiesis" and emphasizes the importance of adaptation and reproduction in living systems. The authors also apply their insights to social sciences, advocating for a "knowledge of knowledge" and a pedagogical approach that encourages critical thinking and alternative reasoning. Despite its simplicity, the book offers profound contributions to understanding the construction of knowledge and the nature of systems, making it valuable for students in science education, advanced academics in education, and researchers in philosophy of science, logic, epistemology, and life sciences.